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| author | Pascal Bellard <pascal.bellard@slitaz.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon Oct 26 10:30:55 2009 +0100 (2009-10-26) |
| parents | c6b2d9c4e031 |
| children |
line source
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5 <title>SliTaz Scratchbook - X Window System</title>
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24 </div>
25 <h1><font color="#3e1220">SliTaz Scratchbook</font></h1>
26 </div>
28 <!-- Content. -->
29 <div id="content">
30 <div class="content-right"></div>
33 <h2><font color="#df8f06">X window system</font></h2>
34 <p>
35 Installation and basic configuration of the X window system.
36 </p>
37 <ul>
38 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#about">About this chapter</a> - Description and environmental
39 variable ($fs)</li>
40 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#expat">expat-2.0.0</a> - XML parser library.</li>
41 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#freetype">freetype-2.3.1</a> - System font libraries.</li>
42 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#fontconfig">fontconfig 2.4.2</a> - Font management tools.</li>
43 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#xserver">Xserver</a> - Graphical server Xvesa of Xfree86
44 4.6.0 and Xorg libraries.</li>
45 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#xterm">xterm-223</a> - Terminal emulator.</li>
46 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#libpng">libpng-1.2.18</a> - Libraries that manipulate PNG images.</li>
47 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#jwm">jwm-2.0</a> - Window manager.</li>
48 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#jpeg">jpeg-6b</a> - Libraries that manipulate JPEG images.</li>
49 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#tiff">tiff-3.8.2</a> - TIFF libraries and utilities.</li>
50 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#links">links-2.1pre29</a> - Graphical and text web browser.</li>
51 <li><a href="x-window-systel.html#initramfs-iso">Generate the initramfs and an ISO image.</a></li>
52 </ul>
53 <a name="about"></a>
54 <h3><font color="#6c0023">About</font></h3>
55 <p>
56 This chapter describes the installation and configuration of the X window system on SliTaz. We will
57 install libraries for expat, XML, fonts, a graphical server (Xvesa), a terminal emulator (xterm),
58 various small tools and a window manager (JWM). We'll also install the JPEG libraries and Links web browser.
59 </p>
60 <h4>Environmental variable ($fs)</h4>
61 <p>
62 If you do not specify any path to the rootfs directory, export the environmental variable:
63 </p>
64 <pre> # export fs=$PWD/rootfs
65 </pre>
66 <p>
67 To check:
68 </p>
69 <pre> # echo $fs
70 </pre>
71 <a name="expat"></a>
72 <h3><font color="#6c0023">expat-2.0.0 - XML parser library</font></h3>
73 <p>
74 Expat (<a href="http://expat.sourceforge.net/">http://expat.sourceforge.net/</a>)
75 contains the XML parsing libraries:
76 </p>
77 <pre> # cd ..
78 # wget http://switch.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/expat/expat-2.0.0.tar.gz
79 # tar xzf expat-2.0.0.tar.gz
80 # cd expat-2.0.0
81 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
82 --mandir=/usr/share/man
83 # make
84 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
85 # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/*
86 # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
87 </pre>
88 <p>
89 Thereafter, we will install 'xterm' which needs libexpat.so.0, simply create a symbolic link and voilà.
90 Then you can install the 'xmlwf' application and libraries in the rootfs:
91 </p>
92 <pre> # cd _pkg/usr/lib
93 # ln -s libexpat.so.1.5.0 libexpat.so.0
94 # cp -a *.so* $fs/usr/lib
95 # cd ..
96 # cp -a bin/* $fs/usr/bin
97 # cd ../..
98 </pre>
99 <h4>libs</h4>
100 Libraries used by xmlwf:
101 <pre class="script"> libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x40021000)
102 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x40041000)
103 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
104 </pre>
105 <a name="freetype"></a>
106 <h3><font color="#6c0023">freetype-2.3.1 - System font libraries</font></h3>
107 <p>
108 The package freetype (<a href="http://www.freetype.org/">http://www.freetype.org/</a>)
109 contains libraries used by X for configuring the system fonts:
110 </p>
111 <pre> # cd ..
112 # wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2
113 # tar xjf freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2
114 # cd freetype-2.3.1
115 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
116 --mandir=/usr/share/man
117 # make
118 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
119 # strip -vs _pkg/usr/lib/*
120 # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
121 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
122 </pre>
123 <a name="fontconfig"></a>
124 <h3><font color="#6c0023">fontconfig-2.4.2 - Manage system fonts</font></h3>
125 <p>
126 The fontconfig package (<a href="http://www.fontconfig.org/wiki/">www.fontconfig.org/wiki/</a>)
127 provides the libfontconfig library used by many programs under X. Note XFree86 also provides these
128 utilities. We chose the original package because it works better with JWM:
129 </p>
130 <pre> # cd ..
131 # wget http://fontconfig.org/release/fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
132 # tar xzf fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
133 # cd fontconfig-2.4.2
134 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
135 --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var
136 # make
137 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
138 # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
139 # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/*
140 # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
141 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
142 # cp -a _pkg/etc $fs
143 # cp -a _pkg/var $fs
144 </pre>
145 <h4>libs</h4>
146 <p>
147 A 'ldd' on fc-cache gives the libraries below. You can also use libfreetype of XFree86:
148 </p>
149 <pre class="script"> libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7f12000)
150 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7eff000)
151 libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7edf000)
152 libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7eb0000)
153 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7b000)
154 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f8c000)
155 </pre>
156 <a name="xserver"></a>
157 <h3><font color="#6c0023">Xserver - Graphical Xvesa server of Xfree86</font></h3>
158 <p>
159 We will use the binary versions of Xvesa server (<a href="http://www.xfree86.org/">www.xfree86.org/</a>)
160 and fonts distributed by Xfree86.org. We could also copy Xorg libraries from the host system that would
161 be used for compiling X applications. Xvesa works well like this and simplifies things. You can also rebuild
162 <a href="xorg.html">Xorg packages</a> on your development system.
163 </p>
164 <h4>Xtinyx server - Xvesa</h4>
165 <p>
166 The Xvesa server is very light and uses tiny libraries; it is contained in the Xtinyx.tgz archive.
167 Download and install in /usr/bin of SliTaz rootfs:
168 </p>
169 <pre> # cd ..
170 # mkdir -p XFree86-4.6.0 && cd XFree86-4.6.0
171 # wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xtinyx.tgz
172 # tar xzf Xtinyx.tgz
173 # cp bin/Xvesa $fs/usr/bin
174 # strip $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa
175 # chmod 4711 $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa
176 </pre>
177 <h4>libs for Xvesa</h4>
178 <pre class="script"> libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ed6000)
179 libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7eb1000)
180 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7e000)
181 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7ef8000)
182 </pre>
183 <h4>rgb.txt - RGB colors in X</h4>
184 <p>
185 The colors configuration file used by the X server is called: <code>rgb.txt</code>; we suggest
186 that you copy it to the host system. The library libX11.so will seek the configuration files in
187 /usr/share/X11, and the Xvesa server in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11; we create a link in /usr/share/X11 to enable this:
188 </p>
189 <pre> # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11
190 # cp /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt $fs/usr/share/X11
191 # chroot $fs /bin/ash
192 /# mkdir -p /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/
193 /# ln -s /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.txt
194 /# exit
195 </pre>
196 <h4>Xfnts - Fonts</h4>
197 <p>
198 To operate the server, we need the basic fonts; you can download them from Xfree86.org and then compile
199 packages from Xorg, or copy them from your host system. The system fonts can be put into different folders
200 and the cache updated with <code>lc-cache</code>. Attention, fonts take pride of place and you can only install
201 the minimum. /usr/share/fonts contains the TrueType fonts such as bitstream-vera:
202 </p>
203 <pre> # wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xfnts.tgz
204 # tar xzf Xfnts.tgz
205 # mkdir -p $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
206 # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype
208 Copy the fonts...
209 (# cp -a lib/X11/fonts/* $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts)
210 (# cp -a /usr/share/fonts/truetype/* $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype
211 </pre>
212 <p>
213 Then regenerate the fonts.dir file, you must run mkfontdir on the directory in question:
214 </p>
215 <pre> # mkfontdir $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi
216 </pre>
217 <p>
218 Fontconfig configuration files can be found in /etc/fonts provided by the fontconfig package.
219 Now you can run 'fc-cache' to update the cache, and 'fc-list' for a list of fonts. You do this
220 by chrooting into the rootfs:
221 </p>
222 <pre> # chroot $fs /bin/ash
223 # fc-cache -v
224 # fc-list
225 # exit
226 </pre>
227 <h4>Xlib locale - Localization files</h4>
228 <p>
229 On SliTaz, we installed 4 locales: C, iso8859-1, iso8859-15 and iso 8859-2 from the
230 <a href="xorg.html">compilation of Xorg</a>.
231 You can copy the files from the host system or use the files distributed by XFree86.
232 Sample copy of all the locales from the host system:
233 </p>
234 <pre> # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11/locale
235 # cp -a /usr/share/X11/locale/* $fs/usr/share/X11/locale
236 </pre>
237 <h4>Using X</h4>
238 <p>
239 Note that you can already use Xvesa as a X terminal if you have a machine on the network accepting XDMCP connections.
240 For this, you can start the server with the <code>-query</code> option. For example:
241 </p>
242 <pre> # Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 -query 192.168.0.2
243 </pre>
244 <a name="xterm"></a>
245 <h3><font color="#6c0023">xterm - Terminal Emulator</font></h3>
246 <p>
247 The xterm package (<a href="http://invisible-island.net/xterm/">invisible-island.net/xterm/</a>)
248 provides a terminal emulator for X:
249 </p>
250 <pre> # wget ftp://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm-223.tgz
251 # tar xzf xterm-223.tgz
252 # cd xterm-223
253 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc \
254 --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var \
255 --with-app-defaults=/usr/share/X11/app-defaults \
256 --build=i486-pc-linux-gnu --host=i486-pc-linux-gnu
257 # make
258 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
259 # strip _pkg/usr/bin/*
260 # cp _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
261 # cp -a _pkg/usr/share/X11/* $fs/usr/share/X11
262 </pre>
263 <h4>libs</h4>
264 <p>
265 A ldd on XTerm, we copy (and strip) the missing libraries from the host system:
266 </p>
267 <pre class="script"> libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7f09000)
268 libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7f00000)
269 libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7ed5000)
270 libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7e68000)
271 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7e54000)
272 libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7d68000)
273 libXaw.so.7 => /usr/lib/libXaw.so.7 (0xb7d0f000)
274 libXmu.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXmu.so.6 (0xb7cfa000)
275 libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7cec000)
276 libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXt.so.6 (0xb7c9e000)
277 libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/libSM.so.6 (0xb7c96000)
278 libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/libICE.so.6 (0xb7c7f000)
279 libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0xb7c3c000)
280 libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7b2c000)
281 libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7b0b000)
282 libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7b08000)
283 libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7b03000)
284 libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7aff000)
285 libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7aee000)
286 </pre>
287 <a name="libpng"></a>
288 <h3><font color="#6c0023">libpng-1.2.18 - PNG Libraries</font></h3>
289 <p>
290 PNG libraries (<a href="http://libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html">http://libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html</a>)
291 are used to manipulate and format PNG images:
292 </p>
293 <pre> # wget http://puzzle.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/libpng/libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2
294 # tar xjf libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2
295 # cd libpng-1.2.18
296 # ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \
297 --mandir=/usr/share/man
298 # make
299 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
300 # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so*
301 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/libpng12.so* $fs/usr/lib
302 # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/libpng12* $fs/usr/bin
303 </pre>
304 <a name="jwm"></a>
305 <h3><font color="#6c0023">jwm-2.0 - Window manager</font></h3>
306 <p>
307 Joe's Window Manager (<a href="http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/">http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/</a>)
308 is an ultra light and friendly window manager. This is the default SliTaz window manager. The main configuration
309 file: /etc/jwm/system.jwnrc includes the style and config menu:
310 </p>
311 <pre> # cd ..
312 # wget http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/releases/jwm-2.0.tar.bz2
313 # tar xjf jwm-2.0.tar.bz2
314 # cd jwm-2.0
315 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man \
316 --sysconfdir=/etc/jwm --disable-xinerama
317 # make
318 # strip src/jwm
319 # cp src/jwm $fs/usr/bin
320 # mkdir $fs/etc/jwm
321 # cp example.jwmrc $fs/etc/jwm/system.jwmrc
322 </pre>
323 <h4>libs</h4>
324 <p>
325 Ldd libraries that we have provided:
326 </p>
327 <pre class="script"> libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7e35000)
328 libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7e12000)
329 libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7e00000)
330 libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7df7000)
331 libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7dcc000)
332 libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7d5f000)
333 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7d4a000)
334 libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7d3a000)
335 libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7d2c000)
336 libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7c1c000)
337 libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c19000)
338 libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c14000)
339 libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7c0f000)
340 libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0xb7bea000)
341 libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7bc9000)
342 </pre>
343 <p>
344 You can start the X server and JWM with the command below or create a script in
345 /usr/bin/startx with the content:
346 </p>
347 <pre>Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 & exec jwm
348 </pre>
349 <h4>On SliTaz</h4>
350 <p>
351 SliTaz uses the ~/.Xsession file to start a graphical session. The 'startx' command checks
352 whether the file exists or it runs 'tazx' to configure the X system. The user guide on X
353 window is located in: /usr/share/doc/slitaz/user-guide/x-window.html or is on the website:
354 </p>
355 <p>
356 We chose to use the Tango icons theme <a href="http://tango.freedesktop.org/">http://tango.freedesktop.org/</a>,
357 that aren't compiled. We only use the minimum: images in 16 x 16 format that we put in /usr/share/icons.
358 </p>
359 <p>
360 To test JWM with a cooking ISO:
361 </p>
362 <pre> # Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 800x600x24 & exec jwm
363 </pre>
364 <a name="jpeg"></a>
365 <h3><font color="#6c0023">jpeg-6b - JPEG Libraries</font></h3>
366 <p>
367 Libraries handling JPEG images, and some small utilities:
368 </p>
369 <pre> # wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
370 # tar xzf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
371 # cd jpeg-6b
372 # ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \
373 --mandir=/usr/share/man
374 # make
375 # strip .libs/*
376 # cp -a .libs/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
377 # cp .libs/{cjpeg,djpeg,jpegtran} $fs/usr/bin
378 </pre>
379 <a name="tiff"></a>
380 <h3><font color="#6c0023">tiff-3.8.2 - TIFF Libraries and Utilities</font></h3>
381 <p>
382 Libraries handling TIFF images and some small optional utilities:
383 </p>
384 <pre> # wget ftp://ftp.remotesensing.org/pub/libtiff/tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz
385 # tar xzf tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz
386 # cd tiff-3.8.2
387 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man
388 # make
389 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
390 # strip _pkg/usr/bin/*
391 # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so*
392 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
393 </pre>
394 <p>
395 You can install the utilities you want.
396 </p>
397 <a name="links"></a>
398 <h3><font color="#6c0023">links-2.1pre29 - Graphical and text mode web browser</font></h3>
399 <p>
400 Links (<a href="http://links.twibright.com/">links.twibright.com</a>) is a web browser offering
401 graphical and text modes. It is translated into multiple languages, including French:
402 </p>
403 <pre> # cd ..
404 # wget http://links.twibright.com/download/links-2.1pre28.tar.gz
405 # tar xzf links-2.1pre28.tar.gz
406 # cd links-2.1pre28
407 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --mandir=/usr/share/man \
408 --without-directfb --without-ssl --enable-graphics --enable-javascript
409 # make
410 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
411 # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
412 # cp -v _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
413 </pre>
414 <h4>libs</h4>
415 <pre class="script"> libtiff.so.3 => /usr/lib/libtiff.so.3
416 libjpeg.so.62 => /usr/lib/libjpeg.so.62 (0xb7ede000)
417 libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7eba000)
418 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ea7000)
419 libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7dbb000)
420 libdl.so.2 => /lib/tls/libdl.so.2 (0xb7db7000)
421 libpcre.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpcre.so.0 (0xb7d96000)
422 libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7d70000)
423 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7c3e000)
424 libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c3b000)
425 libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c36000)
426 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f5d000)
427 </pre>
428 <a name="initramfs-iso"></a>
429 <h3><font color="#6c0023">Generate the initramfs and an ISO image</font></h3>
430 <p>
431 To create a new ISO image, you can use 'mktaziso' in
432 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/cookbook/slitaz-tools.html">SliTaz tools</a> .
433 Or you can create a new initramfs image, copy it to /boot in the root of the cdrom
434 (rootcd) and finally generate an ISO image with genisoimage:
435 </p>
436 <pre> # cd $fs
437 # find . -print | cpio -o -H newc | gzip -9 > ../rootfs.gz
438 # cd ..
439 # cp rootfs.gz rootcd/boot
440 # genisoimage -R -o slitaz-cooking.iso -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin \
441 -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
442 -V "SliTaz" -boot-info-table rootcd
443 </pre>
444 <h4>Following chapter</h4>
445 <p>
446 The next chapter <a href="gtk-libs.html">GTK+ libs</a>
447 describes the installation of GTK libraries.
448 </p>
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