slitaz-doc-wiki-data view pages/en/handbook/installation.txt @ rev 139
Updated install to 4.0 for en:handbook:installation
| author | Christian Mesh meshca@clarkson.edu |
|---|---|
| date | Mon Mar 19 21:44:02 2012 +0000 (2012-03-19) |
| parents | ace065d7b076 |
| children |
line source
1 ====== Hard Disk Installation ======
3 ===== Introduction =====
5 This document gives information and necessary instructions on how to install SliTaz on a hard disk. This should take about 10 minutes, SliTaz core LiveCD expands to 80 Mb, so we suggest a minimum of 120 Mb of free space. This way you will be able to install a few more packages. If you can use the LiveCD, you should be able to install SliTaz.
6 You may also do a [[http://doc.slitaz.org/en:guides:frugal|frugal]] or [[http://doc.slitaz.org/en:guides:uncommoninst|unusual]] install.
7 ===== SliTaz Installer =====
9 SliTaz provides a simple to use Installer which can be accessed through TazPanel. SliTaz 4.0 Installer messages are in English and can be used with these complimentary instructions.
11 === Install Type ===
13 The first step lets you choose the type of installation: new install or system upgrade. In most cases you will want a new and clean installation.
15 === Target Partition ===
17 The second step is the partition configuration. You will need to have a partition ready; the installer does not set-up your disk for you. If you already have a free partition you can use it; if not you will have to create one graphically using GParted, or from the command line using fdisk.
19 For example, if you want to install SliTaz on the second partition of the first disk recognized as hda:
21 <file> /dev/hda2 </file>
23 === Installation Media ===
25 This section allows you to choose the source of the installation. If you booted from a CD or USB device, select the live option respectivly. If you have a special iso or are having issues using the Live media, you can use a local iso or web iso.
27 === Formatting ===
29 <note warning> Formatting a partition **permanently** removes all data from it. Be sure you choose your intended partition carefully as //this action is irreversible//.</note>
31 The next step lets you format the target partition into ext2, ext3, or ext4. Ext3 is a robust, stable and journalled file-system.
33 === Hostname ===
35 Hostname configuration lets you set the machine name. The hostname is used internally and to identify the computer on a network. This can be changed after the system is installed. It cannot be longer than 64 characters and can only contain letters, numbers, and dashes.
37 === Boot-Loader (GRUB) ===
39 At the end, you have the option to install the GRUB boot-loader. GRUB is capable of booting almost any kind of operating system and can be configured through a human-readable text file; changes to this file are instant and do not require an additional commands to take effect.
41 If you want to use an existing GRUB installation, ignore this and correct lines in your GRUB configuration file (menu.lst); [[installation#grub-boot-loader | see below]] for more information. Note that the SliTaz Installer creates a configuration file on the target which can be used as an example (///mnt/target/boot/grub/menu.lst//).
43 === Finishing the Installation ===
45 When the Installer has finally done its job you have the option to exit or directly reboot your new SliTaz GNU/Linux operating system. First boot is like the LiveCD, you will be prompted for locale and keyboard selection. Future reboots will not prompt you anymore for configuration details, but all the values can be changed either manually or with the project tools such as //tazlocale// or //tazx//.
47 ===== Manual ('By Hand') Installation =====
49 SliTaz can also be installed 'by hand' from the command line. You can use a CD-ROM or an ISO image. The following commands can be copied/pasted from your web browser to the Terminal.
51 Firstly, prepare a target partition and mount it. For example, to use the second partition on the first disk drive (///dev/hda2//), one would type:
53 <code>
54 # mkdir /mnt/target
55 # mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/target
56 </code>
58 === Mount CD-ROM or ISO image ===
60 Mount the CD-ROM...
62 <code> # mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom </code>
64 ...or if you are using an ISO image:
66 <code> # mount -o loop slitaz-4.0.iso /media/cdrom </code>
68 === Install and Extract ===
70 With a target partition prepared and the installation media made accessible, we need to copy the files from the media into the target partition and then extract the compressed file-system (rootfs.gz).
72 * Create a boot directory and install the Linux Kernel file:
74 <code>
75 # mkdir /mnt/target/boot
76 # cp -a /media/cdrom/boot/vmlinuz-* /mnt/target/boot
77 </code>
79 * Copy the root file-system:
81 <code> # cp /media/cdrom/boot/rootfs.gz /mnt/target </code>
83 Now the necessary files are present, change (//cd//) to the target directory and decompress the file-system. This is done with the //lzma// and //cpio// utilities:
85 <code>
86 # cd /mnt/target
87 # lzma d rootfs.gz -so | cpio -id
88 # rm rootfs.gz init
89 </code>
91 That's it; SliTaz is installed! Before rebooting to start your new SliTaz GNU/Linux installation, please check that you have a boot-loader (GRUB or Lilo) installed and add the necessary lines (see below) to boot SliTaz.
93 ===== GRUB Boot-Loader =====
95 GRUB is an universal boot-loader capable of booting almost any operating system , including Linux, *BSD and Windows. GRUB uses a single configuration file named //menu.lst//.
97 If you used the SliTaz Installer and installed GRUB, you don't need to manually install GRUB -- just reboot.
99 Otherwise, to install GRUB onto the MBR (Master Boot Record) using a root directory of ///mnt/target// (the target mounted partition) and the disk named hda, use the following command and note the lack of a partition number:
101 <code> # grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/target /dev/hda </code>
103 You can now create a GRUB configuration file and add the lines which will boot SliTaz. The //menu.lst// file can be edited with your favourite text editor such as Nano or Leafpad:
105 <code> # leafpad /mnt/target/boot/grub/menu.lst </code>
107 === Example /boot/grub/menu.lst ===
109 <file>
110 title SliTaz GNU/Linux 4.0 (Kernel 2.6.34-slitaz)
111 root(hd0,0)
112 kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.34-slitaz root=/dev/hda1 vga=normal
113 </file>
115 Verify again that everything is in place before rebooting with the //reboot// command:
117 <code>
118 # reboot
119 </code>
121 You should see GRUB with a SliTaz item in its menu.
123 ===== Dual-Booting with Windows =====
125 A common query asked on the [[http://forum.slitaz.org/|Community Forum]] is how to dual-boot SliTaz and Windows. This is a straight-forward task that just needs the following lines appended to the ///boot/grub/menu.lst// file:
127 <file>
128 title Microsoft Windows
129 rootnoverify (hd0,0)
130 chainloader +1
131 </file>
133 In this example, the Windows installation resides on the first hard disk (hd0) and the first partition (the second 0) within it. This may need modification to reflect individual cases. If it were the other way around and SliTaz proceeded Windows for instance, the line would read:
135 <file>rootnoverify (hd0,1)</file>
137 Most operating systems will either contain a boot-loader of their own (in the case of Windows and *BSD) or can be booted directly with GRUB.
139 ===== Installing SliTaz on an USB Device =====
141 If you want to install SliTaz on an USB device, you must give a little "rootdelay" to allow time for the Linux kernel to detect it.
143 To include this option, edit your menu.lst to include the argument
144 :
145 <file>
146 title SliTaz GNU/Linux 4.0 (Kernel 2.6.34-slitaz)
147 root(hd0,0)
148 kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.34-slitaz root=/dev/sda1 vga=normal rootdelay=10
149 </file>