| rev |
line source |
|
pankso@7
|
1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
pankso@7
|
2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
pankso@7
|
3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
|
pankso@7
|
4 <head>
|
|
pankso@7
|
5 <title>SliTaz Handbook (en) - System administration</title>
|
|
pankso@7
|
6 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
|
|
pankso@7
|
7 <meta name="description" content="slitaz English handbook" />
|
|
pankso@7
|
8 <meta name="expires" content="never" />
|
|
pankso@7
|
9 <meta name="modified" content="2008-02-26 21:30:00" />
|
|
pankso@7
|
10 <meta name="publisher" content="www.slitaz.org" />
|
|
pankso@7
|
11 <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln"/>
|
|
pankso@7
|
12 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
|
|
pankso@7
|
13 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="book.css" />
|
|
pankso@7
|
14 </head>
|
|
pankso@7
|
15 <body bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
pankso@7
|
16
|
|
pankso@7
|
17 <!-- Header and quick navigation -->
|
|
pankso@7
|
18 <div id="header">
|
|
pankso@7
|
19 <div align="right" id="quicknav">
|
|
pankso@7
|
20 <a name="top"></a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
21 <a href="x-window.html">X Window System</a> |
|
|
pankso@7
|
22 <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
23 </div>
|
|
pankso@7
|
24 <h1><font color="#3E1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
|
|
pankso@7
|
25 </div>
|
|
pankso@7
|
26
|
|
pankso@7
|
27 <!-- Content. -->
|
|
pankso@7
|
28 <div id="content">
|
|
pankso@7
|
29 <div class="content-right"></div>
|
|
pankso@7
|
30
|
|
pankso@7
|
31 <h2><font color="#df8f06">System administration</font></h2>
|
|
pankso@7
|
32
|
|
pankso@7
|
33 <ul>
|
|
pankso@7
|
34 <li><a href="#devices">Devices and disks access.</a></li>
|
|
pankso@7
|
35 <li><a href="#users-admin">Users, groups and passwords.</a></li>
|
|
pankso@7
|
36 <li><a href="#locale">Language and keyboard.</a></li>
|
|
pankso@16
|
37 <li><a href="#bash">Install the Bash shell.</a></li>
|
|
pankso@16
|
38 <li><a href="#time">Set the system time.</a></li>
|
|
pankso@7
|
39 </ul>
|
|
pankso@7
|
40
|
|
pankso@7
|
41 <a name="devices"></a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
42 <h3>Devices and disks access</h3>
|
|
pankso@7
|
43 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
44 With Linux your disks and USB media are seen as devices. To access them you must
|
|
pankso@7
|
45 first mount a device on a mount point (directory). On SliTaz you can graphically
|
|
pankso@7
|
46 mount devices using <code>mountbox</code> or use the command line. To mount the
|
|
pankso@7
|
47 first disk of a local hard disk on <code>/mnt/disk</code>:
|
|
pankso@7
|
48 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
49 <pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
50 # mkdir -p /mnt/disk
|
|
pankso@7
|
51 # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/disk
|
|
pankso@7
|
52 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
53 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
54 To mount a cdrom or an USB media you should use mount points located in
|
|
pankso@7
|
55 <code>/media</code>. Note that for a cdrom, you just have to specify
|
|
pankso@7
|
56 the device path and for a flash key the mount point already exists:
|
|
pankso@7
|
57 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
58 <pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
59 # mount /dev/cdrom
|
|
pankso@7
|
60 # mount /dev/sda1 /media/flash
|
|
pankso@7
|
61 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
62 <h4>ntfs filesystem</h4>
|
|
pankso@7
|
63 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
64 If you need read/write access to Windows ntfs filesystems you must install a
|
|
pankso@7
|
65 few additional packages from the mirror. The <code>ntfs-3g</code> driver
|
|
pankso@7
|
66 provides stable access to ntfs partitions and the <code>ntfsprogs</code> provides
|
|
pankso@7
|
67 manipulation tools dependent on Fuse. Note that you can format, move or resize
|
|
pankso@7
|
68 ntfs partitions graphically with Gparted.
|
|
pankso@7
|
69 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
70
|
|
pankso@7
|
71 <a name="users-admin"></a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
72 <h3>Users, groups and passwords</h3>
|
|
pankso@7
|
73 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
74 To manage users and groups on your SliTaz system you must use the command line,
|
|
pankso@7
|
75 but file permissions can be changed graphically using the emelFM2 file manager. To
|
|
pankso@7
|
76 add or remove users and groups you must be root. Root can also change all
|
|
pankso@7
|
77 user passwords and a single user can only change his/her own password. To add
|
|
pankso@7
|
78 or remove a user named linux:
|
|
pankso@7
|
79 </p>
|
|
paul@15
|
80 <pre>
|
|
paul@15
|
81 # adduser linux
|
|
pankso@7
|
82 # deluser linux
|
|
pankso@7
|
83 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
84 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
85 To add or remove a group you must use <code>addgroup</code> or
|
|
pankso@7
|
86 <code>delgroup</code>. To change the current user password or change the
|
|
pankso@7
|
87 password of a specific user, you must use the command <code>passwd</code>:
|
|
pankso@7
|
88 </p>
|
|
paul@15
|
89 <pre>
|
|
paul@15
|
90 $ passwd
|
|
pankso@7
|
91 # passwd username
|
|
pankso@7
|
92 </pre>
|
|
paul@15
|
93 <h4>Audio group</h4>
|
|
paul@15
|
94 <p>
|
|
paul@15
|
95 If you want a new user to be able to listen to music he must be in the
|
|
paul@15
|
96 <code>audio</code> group. To add an existing user to the audio group:
|
|
paul@15
|
97 </p>
|
|
paul@15
|
98 <pre>
|
|
paul@15
|
99 # adduser -G audio user_name
|
|
paul@15
|
100 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
101
|
|
pankso@7
|
102 <a name="locale"></a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
103 <h3>Language and keyboard layout</h3>
|
|
pankso@7
|
104 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
105 SliTaz saves the configuration of the default locale in <code>/etc/locale.conf</code>
|
|
pankso@7
|
106 which is read by <code>/etc/profile</code> on each login and the keyboard
|
|
pankso@7
|
107 setting is stored in <code>/etc/kmap.conf</code>. These two files can be
|
|
pankso@7
|
108 edited with your favorite editor or configured respectively with
|
|
pankso@7
|
109 <code>tazlocale</code> and <code>tazkmap</code>. You can modify the settings
|
|
pankso@7
|
110 you chose on the first boot by typing as root administrator:
|
|
pankso@7
|
111 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
112 <pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
113 # tazlocale
|
|
pankso@7
|
114 Or:
|
|
pankso@7
|
115 # tazkmap
|
|
pankso@7
|
116 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
117 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
118 To check all available locales or your current configuration you can use the
|
|
pankso@7
|
119 command <code>locale</code> as a single user or root (C for English):
|
|
pankso@7
|
120 </p>
|
|
paul@15
|
121 <pre>
|
|
paul@15
|
122 $ locale -a
|
|
pankso@7
|
123 $ locale
|
|
pankso@7
|
124 </pre>
|
|
paul@15
|
125
|
|
pankso@7
|
126 <a name="bash"></a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
127 <h3>Bash Shell</h3>
|
|
pankso@7
|
128 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
129 On SliTaz you have the ash and sh shell with a link to Ash, this shell is
|
|
pankso@7
|
130 provided by Busybox. If you wish to use the Bash (Bourne Again SHell), first
|
|
pankso@7
|
131 as <code>su</code> install bash, copy the <code>.profile</code> found in your
|
|
pankso@7
|
132 home directory and rename it <code>.bashrc</code>, then edit the
|
|
pankso@7
|
133 <code>/etc/passwd</code> file with your favorite text editor and change your
|
|
pankso@16
|
134 shell to :/bin/bash
|
|
pankso@7
|
135 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
136 <pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
137 # tazpkg get-install bash
|
|
pankso@7
|
138 # cp /home/hacker/.profile home/hacker/.bashrc
|
|
pankso@7
|
139 # Note root user: cp /home/hacker/.profile ~/.bashrc
|
|
pankso@7
|
140 # nano /etc/passwd # :/bin/bash
|
|
pankso@7
|
141 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
142 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
143 The next time you login bash will be your default shell, you can confirm this
|
|
pankso@7
|
144 by typing <code>env</code> in the command line.
|
|
pankso@7
|
145 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
146
|
|
pankso@7
|
147 <a name="time"></a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
148 <h3>System Time</h3>
|
|
pankso@7
|
149 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
150 To know the current system time, you can simply type <code>date</code>. On
|
|
pankso@7
|
151 SliTaz, the timezone configuration file is saved in <code>/etc/TZ</code>, you
|
|
pankso@7
|
152 can edit with your favorite text editor or simply <code>echo</code> the changes.
|
|
pankso@7
|
153 Here's an example using the timezone Europe/London:
|
|
pankso@7
|
154 </p>
|
|
paul@15
|
155 <pre>
|
|
paul@15
|
156 # echo "Europe/London" > /etc/TZ
|
|
pankso@7
|
157 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
158 <h4>Rdate</h4>
|
|
pankso@7
|
159 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
160 To syncronize the system clock with a network time server, you can as the
|
|
pankso@7
|
161 <code>root</code> administrator use the <code>rdate -s</code> command:
|
|
pankso@7
|
162 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
163 <pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
164 # rdate -s tick.grayware.com
|
|
pankso@7
|
165 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
166 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
167 To display the time on the remote server, use the <code>rdate -p</code> command.
|
|
pankso@7
|
168 </p>
|
|
paul@15
|
169 <pre> $ rdate -p tick.grayware.com
|
|
pankso@7
|
170 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
171 <h4>Hwclock</h4>
|
|
pankso@7
|
172 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
173 Hwclock allows you to syncronize the time of your hardware clock to the system
|
|
pankso@7
|
174 clock or vice versa.
|
|
pankso@7
|
175 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
176 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
177 Syncronize the system clock to the hardware clock ( --utc = universal time,
|
|
pankso@7
|
178 -l = local time):
|
|
pankso@7
|
179 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
180 <pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
181 # hwclock -w --utc
|
|
pankso@7
|
182 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
183 <p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
184 Syncronize the hardware clock to the system clock:
|
|
pankso@7
|
185 </p>
|
|
pankso@7
|
186 <pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
187 # hwclock -s --utc
|
|
pankso@7
|
188 </pre>
|
|
pankso@7
|
189
|
|
pankso@7
|
190 <!-- End of content -->
|
|
pankso@7
|
191 </div>
|
|
pankso@7
|
192
|
|
pankso@7
|
193 <!-- Footer. -->
|
|
pankso@7
|
194 <div id="footer">
|
|
pankso@7
|
195 <div class="footer-right"></div>
|
|
pankso@7
|
196 <a href="#top">Top of the page</a> |
|
|
pankso@7
|
197 <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
198 </div>
|
|
pankso@7
|
199
|
|
pankso@7
|
200 <div id="copy">
|
|
pankso@7
|
201 Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/">SliTaz</a> -
|
|
pankso@7
|
202 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>;<br />
|
|
pankso@7
|
203 Documentation is under
|
|
pankso@7
|
204 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
|
|
pankso@7
|
205 and code is <a href="http://validator.w3.org/">valid xHTML 1.0</a>.
|
|
pankso@7
|
206 </div>
|
|
pankso@7
|
207
|
|
pankso@7
|
208 </body>
|
|
pankso@7
|
209 </html>
|