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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"><head><title>SliTaz Handbook (en) - X Window System</title>
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3
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5
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6 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
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7 <meta name="description" content="slitaz English handbook X server window manager jwm openbox e17 slim login" />
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8 <meta name="expires" content="never" />
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9 <meta name="modified" content="2008-03-01 22:30:00" />
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10 <meta name="publisher" content="www.slitaz.org" />
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11 <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln, Paul Issot" />
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12 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/favicon.ico" />
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13 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="book.css" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff">
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14
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15 <!-- Header and quick navigation -->
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16 <div id="header">
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17 <div id="quicknav" align="right">
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18 <a name="top"></a>
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19 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/gen-livecd.html">Generate a LiveCD flavor</a> |
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20 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/index.html">Table of contents</a>
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21 </div>
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22 <h1><font color="#3e1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
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23 </div>
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24
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25 <!-- Content. -->
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26 <div id="content">
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27 <div class="content-right"></div>
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28
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29 <h2><font color="#df8f06">X Window System</font></h2>
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30
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31 <ul>
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32 <li><a href="#X11">X Window System.</a></li>
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33 <li><a href="#slim">Slim</a> - Simple Login Manager.</li>
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34 <li><a href="#xorg">Xorg</a> - X server.</li>
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35 <li><a href="#jwm">JWM</a> - Window Manager.</li>
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36 <li><a href="#enlightenment">Enlightenment (e17).</a> - Desktop
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37 environment.</li>
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38 <li><a href="#openbox">Openbox</a> - Window Manager.</li>
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39 <li><a href="#fonts">Fonts</a> - System Fonts.</li>
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40 </ul>
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41
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42 <a name="X11"></a>
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43 <h3>X11 - X Window System</h3>
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44 <p>
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45 The X Window System or X11 provides a window manager running on
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46 top of a X server. SliTaz uses by default the lightweight X server called
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47 <code>Xvesa</code> from the Xorg project (<a href="http://www.x.org/">www.x.org</a>).
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48 Xvesa can be started with the Slim login manager or directly from a Linux console
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49 with the command <code>startx</code>, but for this you must first disable the
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50 Login Manager. To reconfigure your X session you can use <code>tazx</code>
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51 as root or as the current user if you start X from the command line.
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52 </p>
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53
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54 <a name="slim"></a>
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55 <h3>Slim - Simple Login Manager</h3>
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56 <p>
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57 Slim is a lightweight session manager that is very easy to configure and is
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58 customizable using system themes. The configuration file is found in
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59 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code>, it defines window managers available via the
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60 <code>F1</code> key, the default user or theme and the X window system parameters.
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61 Slim offers special users commands like <code>console</code> to help manage
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62 the session.
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63 </p>
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64 <p>
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65 In LiveCD mode you can disable Slim with the boot option <code>screen=text</code>.
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66 On an installed system you can remove the package or delete slim from the
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67 <code>RUN_DAEMONS</code> variable in <code>/etc/rcS.conf</code>.
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68 </p>
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69 <p>
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70 More details and themes can be found on the
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71 <a href="http://slim.berlios.de/">website.</a>
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72 </p>
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73 <h4>Default user</h4>
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74 <p>
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75 Slim offers a way to pre-load a user login name, by default hacker is configured
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76 for convenience. You can change this by editing the Slim configuration file
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77 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code> and modifying the line <code>default_user</code> or just
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78 leave the line blank to avoid pre-loading a user name. Example:
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79 </p>
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80 <pre class="script">default_user hacker
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81 </pre>
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82
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83 <a name="xorg"></a>
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84 <h3>Xorg</h3>
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85 <p>
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86 By default SliTaz provides the graphical mini-server Xvesa. Xorg server is available
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87 in the packages on the mirror. Xorg is a very comprehensive server, but uses a lot more
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88 resources than Xvesa. If your resolution is supported by the mini-server and you're happy
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89 with the refresh rate, then there's no reason to use Xorg.
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90 </p>
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91 <p>
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92 There is no GUI configuration, it means having to use the command line in console mode. The installation
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93 and configuration of the server is relatively simple and you can always go back and reuse Xvesa at any time.
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94 Xorg is distributed in modular form, which means that you'll need to install the server, a few configuration
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95 files and the right driver for your graphics card. However the <code>xorg-server</code> package has all
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96 the correct dependancies to work directly with the <code>vesa</code> driver. Minimal install:
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97 </p>
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98 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-server
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99 </pre>
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100 <p>
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101 Once installed, you can go directly to the configuration or you can install the correct driver for your card
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102 (if you know it). Example using the Nvidia driver and listing all available drivers:
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103 </p>
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104 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-xf86-video-nv
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105 List:
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106 # tazpkg search xorg-xf86-video
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107 </pre>
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108 <h4>Automatic configuration of the server</h4>
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109
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110 <p>To configure the Xorg server you have two options: <code>Xorg -configure</code>
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111 or the script <code>xorgconfig</code>. It is recommended that you start by using Xorg with
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112 the <code>-configure</code> option. The automatic configuration of Xorg must be done in console
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113 mode without an X-server running; this is achieved by closing all applications and windows and hitting
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114 the <code>alt-ctrl-del</code> buttons. You should now be in console mode. Now you need to run Xorg with the
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115 <code>-configure</code> option and copy the newly generated file to <code>/etc/X11</code>:
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116 </p>
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117 <pre> # Xorg -configure
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118 # cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
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119 </pre>
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120 <p>
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121 Finally you then change the configuration of Slim to use Xorg instead of Xvesa and restart the window manager.
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122 </p>
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123 <h4>Using Xorg with Slim</h4>
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124 <p>
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125 In the Slim configuration file (<code>/etc/slim.conf</code>), we need to comment out
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126 (<code>#</code>) the lines pertaining to Xvesa and change Xorg to the <code>default_xserver</code>:
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127 </p>
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128 <pre class="script">default_xserver /usr/bin/Xorg
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129 #default_xserver /usr/bin/Xvesa
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130 #xserver_arguments -ac -shadow dpms +extension Composite -screen 1024x768x24
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131 </pre>
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132 <p>
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133 Now we can start Slim to return us to an X server session.
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134 Slim works likes a daemon, it can be stopped or started from the console:
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135 </p>
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136 <pre> # /etc/init.d/slim start
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137 </pre>
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138 <h4>xorg.conf - Configuration file</h4>
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139 <p>
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140 Xorg uses the configuration file <code>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code>, this file can be
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141 automatically generated and edited with your favorite text editor. The file is divided into
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142 several sections, including the specification of paths, modules to be loaded, default screen,
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143 mouse, keyboard etc. This document provides only a few examples, it is advisable to run
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144 <code>xorgconfig</code> once to generate a complete file to use as an example.
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145
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146 </p>
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147 <p>
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148 Keyboard (en):
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149 </p>
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150 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
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151 Identifier "Keyboard0"
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152 Driver "kbd"
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153 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
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154 Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
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155 Option "XkbLayout" "en"
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156 Option "XkbVariant" "en"
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157 EndSection
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158 </pre>
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159 <p>
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160 Mice with auto detection protocol:
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161 </p>
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162 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
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163 Identifier "Mouse0"
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164 Driver "mouse"
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165 Option "Protocol" "auto"
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166 Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
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167 Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
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168 EndSection
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169 </pre>
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170 <p>
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171 Composite extensions:
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172 </p>
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173 <pre class="script">Section "Extensions"
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174 Option "Composite" "1"
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175 EndSection
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176 </pre>
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177
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178 <a name="jwm"></a>
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179 <h3>JWM - Window manager</h3>
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180 <p>
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181 JWM (Joe's Window Manger) is a lightweight Window Manager, easy to use, fast,
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182 stable and insanely configurable. The menu and theme can all be changed from a
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183 single configuration file found in your home directory: <code>~/.jwmrc</code>,
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184 the file uses XML syntax and the code is nicely colored if you use Geany to
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185 edit it. To add an entry in the menu you can use the following example:
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186 </p>
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187 <pre class="script"> <Program icon="kino.png" label="Kino (Video Editor)">kino</Program>
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188 </pre>
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189 <p>
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190 The <a href="http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/config.shtml">JWM Web site</a>
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191 has got more information on how to configure the application to your needs
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192 and preferences.
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193 </p>
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194
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195 <a name="enlightenment"></a>
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196 <h3>Enlightenment (e17)</h3>
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197 <p>
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198 Enlightenment aka e17 is a lightweight and fast desktop environment that can be
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199 configured graphically. To install e17:
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200 </p>
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201 <pre> # tazpkg get-install enlightenment
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202 </pre>
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203 <p>
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204 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
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205 <code>e17</code> to start Enlightenment.
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206 </p>
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207
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208 <a name="openbox"></a>
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209 <h3>Openbox</h3>
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210 <p>
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211 Openbox is a lightweight window manager than can be configured using the obconf
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212 utility. To install openbox:
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213 </p>
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214 <pre> # tazpkg get-install openbox
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215 # tazpkg get-install obconf
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216 </pre>
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217 <p>
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218 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
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219 <code>openbox</code> to start Openbox. To make Openbox your default Window
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220 Manager just type: <code>tazx openbox</code>.
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221 </p>
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222 <p>
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223 Note: you can also use the configuration file <code>menu.xml</code> found
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224 in <code>/etc/xdg/openbox</code> to edit menu items. Here's an example using
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225 Htop:
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226 </p>
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227 <pre class="script"><item label="Htop">
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228 <action name="Execute"><command>xterm -e htop</command></action>
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229 </item>
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230 </pre>
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231 <p>
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232 More information can be found on the
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233 <a href="http://icculus.org/openbox/index.php/Help:Menus">openbox</a> site.
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234 </p>
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235
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236 <a name="fonts"></a>
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237 <h3>Fonts</h3>
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238 <p>
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239 The management of Fonts (<em>fonts</em>) is powered by the package Fontconfig.
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240 This package provides tools to add, list and manipulate fonts. The <em>fonts</em>
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241 can be installed in user space or at the system level, this means that each user can use his/her own
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242 fonts or the adminstrator (<em>root</em>) can install fonts available to all users of the system.
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243 If you use USB media associated with SliTaz <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/livecd.html">LiveCD</a>,
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244 you can easily install fonts and retain them the next time you use the cdrom.
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245 </p>
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246 <h4>Installing <em>fonts</em></h4>
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247 <p>
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248 At the system level fonts are installed in the directory:
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249 <code>/usr/share/fonts</code>, core SliTaz provides TTF Vera fonts,
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250 they take up little space and are rendered correctly. In user space fonts are found in the hidden
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251 directory: <code>.fonts</code>, this directory should be at the root of user space.
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252 To create a home directory to accomodate new fonts, you can use the graphical window manager emelFM2,
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253 Clex or use the command line:
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254 </p>
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255 <pre> $ mkdir ~/.fonts
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256 </pre>
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257 <p>
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258 Once you have installed the fonts you need to run the <code>fc-cache</code> tool to generate
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259 configuration files, this ensures that your <em>fonts</em> are available for use in applications:
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260 </p>
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261 <pre> $ fc-cache
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262 </pre>
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263
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264 <!-- End of content -->
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265 </div>
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266
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267 <!-- Footer. -->
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268 <div id="footer">
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269 <div class="footer-right"></div>
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270 <a href="#top">Top of the page</a> |
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271 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/index.html">Table of contents</a>
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272 </div>
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273
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274 <div id="copy">
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275 Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/">SliTaz</a> -
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276 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>;<br />
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277 Documentation is under
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278 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
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279 and code is <a href="http://validator.w3.org/">valid xHTML 1.0</a>.
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280 </div>
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281
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282 </body></html>
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283
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