website annotate en/doc/handbook/x-window.html @ rev 28

Add Xorg to Handbook (en)
author Paul Issott <paul@slitaz.org>
date Tue Apr 22 20:46:47 2008 +0000 (2008-04-22)
parents 2c4b45efa647
children e172c1d2ec01
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paul@18 11 <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln, Paul Issot" />
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paul@18 22 <h1><font color="#3e1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
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paul@18 29 <h2><font color="#df8f06">X Window System</font></h2>
pankso@7 30
pankso@7 31 <ul>
paul@28 32 <li><a href="#X11">X Window System.</a></li>
paul@28 33 <li><a href="#slim">Slim</a> - Simple Login Manager.</li>
paul@28 34 <li><a href="#xorg">Xorg</a> - X server.</li>
paul@28 35 <li><a href="#jwm">JWM</a> - Window Manager.</li>
paul@28 36 <li><a href="#enlightenment">Enlightenment (e17).</a> - Desktop
paul@18 37 environment.</li>
pankso@16 38 <li><a href="#openbox">Openbox</a> - Window Manager.</li>
paul@28 39 <li><a href="#fonts">Fonts</a> - System Fonts.</li>
pankso@7 40 </ul>
pankso@7 41
pankso@7 42 <a name="X11"></a>
pankso@7 43 <h3>X11 - X Window System</h3>
pankso@7 44 <p>
pankso@7 45 The X Window System or X11 provides a window manager running on
pankso@7 46 top of a X server. SliTaz uses by default the lightweight X server called
pankso@7 47 <code>Xvesa</code> from the Xorg project (<a href="http://www.x.org/">www.x.org</a>).
pankso@7 48 Xvesa can be started with the Slim login manager or directly from a Linux console
pankso@7 49 with the command <code>startx</code>, but for this you must first disable the
pankso@7 50 Login Manager. To reconfigure your X session you can use <code>tazx</code>
pankso@7 51 as root or as the current user if you start X from the command line.
pankso@7 52 </p>
pankso@7 53
pankso@7 54 <a name="slim"></a>
pankso@7 55 <h3>Slim - Simple Login Manager</h3>
pankso@7 56 <p>
pankso@7 57 Slim is a lightweight session manager that is very easy to configure and is
pankso@7 58 customizable using system themes. The configuration file is found in
pankso@7 59 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code>, it defines window managers available via the
pankso@7 60 <code>F1</code> key, the default user or theme and the X window system parameters.
pankso@7 61 Slim offers special users commands like <code>console</code> to help manage
pankso@7 62 the session.
pankso@7 63 </p>
pankso@7 64 <p>
pankso@7 65 In LiveCD mode you can disable Slim with the boot option <code>screen=text</code>.
pankso@7 66 On an installed system you can remove the package or delete slim from the
pankso@7 67 <code>RUN_DAEMONS</code> variable in <code>/etc/rcS.conf</code>.
pankso@7 68 </p>
pankso@7 69 <p>
pankso@7 70 More details and themes can be found on the
paul@18 71 <a href="http://slim.berlios.de/">website.</a>
pankso@7 72 </p>
pankso@16 73 <h4>Default user</h4>
pankso@16 74 <p>
paul@18 75 Slim offers a way to pre-load a user login name, by default hacker is configured
paul@18 76 for convenience. You can change this by editing the Slim configuration file
paul@18 77 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code> and modifying the line <code>default_user</code> or just
paul@18 78 leave the line blank to avoid pre-loading a user name. Example:
pankso@16 79 </p>
paul@18 80 <pre class="script">default_user hacker
pankso@16 81 </pre>
pankso@7 82
paul@28 83 <a name="xorg"></a>
paul@28 84 <h3>Xorg</h3>
paul@28 85 <p>
paul@28 86 By default SliTaz provides the graphical mini-server Xvesa. Xorg server is available
paul@28 87 in the packages on the mirror. Xorg is a very comprehensive server, but uses a lot more
paul@28 88 resources than Xvesa. If your resolution is supported by the mini-server and you're happy
paul@28 89 with the refresh rate, then there's no reason to use Xorg.
paul@28 90 </p>
paul@28 91 <p>
paul@28 92 There is no GUI configuration, it means having to use the command line in console mode. The installation
paul@28 93 and configuration of the server is relatively simple and you can always go back and reuse Xvesa at any time.
paul@28 94 Xorg is distributed in modular form, which means that you'll need to install the server, a few configuration
paul@28 95 files and the right driver for your graphics card. However the <code>xorg-server</code> package has all
paul@28 96 the correct dependancies to work directly with the <code>vesa</code> driver. Minimal install:
paul@28 97 </p>
paul@28 98 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-server
paul@28 99 </pre>
paul@28 100 <p>
paul@28 101 Once installed, you can go directly to the configuration or you can install the correct driver for your card
paul@28 102 (if you know it). Example using the Nvidia driver and listing all available drivers:
paul@28 103 </p>
paul@28 104 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-xf86-video-nv
paul@28 105 List:
paul@28 106 # tazpkg search xorg-xf86-video
paul@28 107 </pre>
paul@28 108 <h4>Automatic configuration of the server</h4>
paul@28 109
paul@28 110 <p>To configure the Xorg server you have two options: <code>Xorg -configure</code>
paul@28 111 or the script <code>xorgconfig</code>. It is recommended that you start by using Xorg with
paul@28 112 the <code>-configure</code> option. The automatic configuration of Xorg must be done in console
paul@28 113 mode without an X-server running; this is achieved by closing all applications and windows and hitting
paul@28 114 the <code>alt-ctrl-del</code> buttons. You should now be in console mode. Now you need to run Xorg with the
paul@28 115 <code>-configure</code> option and copy the newly generated file to <code>/etc/X11</code>:
paul@28 116 </p>
paul@28 117 <pre> # Xorg -configure
paul@28 118 # cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
paul@28 119 </pre>
paul@28 120 <p>
paul@28 121 Finally you then change the configuration of Slim to use Xorg instead of Xvesa and restart the window manager.
paul@28 122 </p>
paul@28 123 <h4>Using Xorg with Slim</h4>
paul@28 124 <p>
paul@28 125 In the Slim configuration file (<code>/etc/slim.conf</code>), we need to comment out
paul@28 126 (<code>#</code>) the lines pertaining to Xvesa and change Xorg to the <code>default_xserver</code>:
paul@28 127 </p>
paul@28 128 <pre class="script">default_xserver /usr/bin/Xorg
paul@28 129 #default_xserver /usr/bin/Xvesa
paul@28 130 #xserver_arguments -ac -shadow dpms +extension Composite -screen 1024x768x24
paul@28 131 </pre>
paul@28 132 <p>
paul@28 133 Now we can start Slim to return us to an X server session.
paul@28 134 Slim works likes a daemon, it can be stopped or started from the console:
paul@28 135 </p>
paul@28 136 <pre> # /etc/init.d/slim start
paul@28 137 </pre>
paul@28 138 <h4>xorg.conf - Configuration file</h4>
paul@28 139 <p>
paul@28 140 Xorg uses the configuration file <code>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code>, this file can be
paul@28 141 automatically generated and edited with your favorite text editor. The file is divided into
paul@28 142 several sections, including the specification of paths, modules to be loaded, default screen,
paul@28 143 mouse, keyboard etc. This document provides only a few examples, it is advisable to run
paul@28 144 <code>xorgconfig</code> once to generate a complete file to use as an example.
paul@28 145
paul@28 146 </p>
paul@28 147 <p>
paul@28 148 Keyboard (en):
paul@28 149 </p>
paul@28 150 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
paul@28 151 Identifier "Keyboard0"
paul@28 152 Driver "kbd"
paul@28 153 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
paul@28 154 Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
paul@28 155 Option "XkbLayout" "en"
paul@28 156 Option "XkbVariant" "en"
paul@28 157 EndSection
paul@28 158 </pre>
paul@28 159 <p>
paul@28 160 Mice with auto detection protocol:
paul@28 161 </p>
paul@28 162 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
paul@28 163 Identifier "Mouse0"
paul@28 164 Driver "mouse"
paul@28 165 Option "Protocol" "auto"
paul@28 166 Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
paul@28 167 Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
paul@28 168 EndSection
paul@28 169 </pre>
paul@28 170 <p>
paul@28 171 Composite extensions:
paul@28 172 </p>
paul@28 173 <pre class="script">Section "Extensions"
paul@28 174 Option "Composite" "1"
paul@28 175 EndSection
paul@28 176 </pre>
paul@28 177
pankso@7 178 <a name="jwm"></a>
pankso@7 179 <h3>JWM - Window manager</h3>
pankso@7 180 <p>
pankso@7 181 JWM (Joe's Window Manger) is a lightweight Window Manager, easy to use, fast,
pankso@7 182 stable and insanely configurable. The menu and theme can all be changed from a
pankso@7 183 single configuration file found in your home directory: <code>~/.jwmrc</code>,
pankso@7 184 the file uses XML syntax and the code is nicely colored if you use Geany to
pankso@7 185 edit it. To add an entry in the menu you can use the following example:
pankso@7 186 </p>
paul@18 187 <pre class="script"> &lt;Program icon="kino.png" label="Kino (Video Editor)"&gt;kino&lt;/Program&gt;
pankso@7 188 </pre>
pankso@7 189 <p>
pankso@7 190 The <a href="http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/config.shtml">JWM Web site</a>
pankso@7 191 has got more information on how to configure the application to your needs
pankso@7 192 and preferences.
pankso@7 193 </p>
pankso@7 194
pankso@7 195 <a name="enlightenment"></a>
pankso@7 196 <h3>Enlightenment (e17)</h3>
pankso@7 197 <p>
pankso@7 198 Enlightenment aka e17 is a lightweight and fast desktop environment that can be
pankso@7 199 configured graphically. To install e17:
pankso@7 200 </p>
paul@18 201 <pre> # tazpkg get-install enlightenment
pankso@7 202 </pre>
pankso@7 203 <p>
pankso@7 204 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
pankso@7 205 <code>e17</code> to start Enlightenment.
pankso@7 206 </p>
pankso@7 207
pankso@7 208 <a name="openbox"></a>
pankso@7 209 <h3>Openbox</h3>
pankso@7 210 <p>
pankso@7 211 Openbox is a lightweight window manager than can be configured using the obconf
pankso@7 212 utility. To install openbox:
pankso@7 213 </p>
paul@18 214 <pre> # tazpkg get-install openbox
pankso@16 215 # tazpkg get-install obconf
pankso@7 216 </pre>
pankso@7 217 <p>
pankso@7 218 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
pankso@7 219 <code>openbox</code> to start Openbox. To make Openbox your default Window
pankso@7 220 Manager just type: <code>tazx openbox</code>.
pankso@7 221 </p>
pankso@7 222 <p>
pankso@7 223 Note: you can also use the configuration file <code>menu.xml</code> found
pankso@7 224 in <code>/etc/xdg/openbox</code> to edit menu items. Here's an example using
pankso@7 225 Htop:
pankso@7 226 </p>
paul@18 227 <pre class="script">&lt;item label="Htop"&gt;
pankso@7 228 &lt;action name="Execute"&gt;&lt;command&gt;xterm -e htop&lt;/command&gt;&lt;/action&gt;
pankso@7 229 &lt;/item&gt;
pankso@7 230 </pre>
pankso@7 231 <p>
pankso@7 232 More information can be found on the
pankso@7 233 <a href="http://icculus.org/openbox/index.php/Help:Menus">openbox</a> site.
pankso@7 234 </p>
pankso@7 235
paul@18 236 <a name="fonts"></a>
hacker@20 237 <h3>Fonts</h3>
paul@18 238 <p>
paul@18 239 The management of Fonts (<em>fonts</em>) is powered by the package Fontconfig.
paul@18 240 This package provides tools to add, list and manipulate fonts. The <em>fonts</em>
paul@18 241 can be installed in user space or at the system level, this means that each user can use his/her own
paul@18 242 fonts or the adminstrator (<em>root</em>) can install fonts available to all users of the system.
hacker@20 243 If you use USB media associated with SliTaz <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/livecd.html">LiveCD</a>,
paul@18 244 you can easily install fonts and retain them the next time you use the cdrom.
paul@18 245 </p>
paul@18 246 <h4>Installing <em>fonts</em></h4>
paul@18 247 <p>
paul@18 248 At the system level fonts are installed in the directory:
paul@18 249 <code>/usr/share/fonts</code>, core SliTaz provides TTF Vera fonts,
paul@18 250 they take up little space and are rendered correctly. In user space fonts are found in the hidden
paul@18 251 directory: <code>.fonts</code>, this directory should be at the root of user space.
paul@18 252 To create a home directory to accomodate new fonts, you can use the graphical window manager emelFM2,
paul@18 253 Clex or use the command line:
paul@18 254 </p>
paul@18 255 <pre> $ mkdir ~/.fonts
paul@18 256 </pre>
paul@18 257 <p>
hacker@20 258 Once you have installed the fonts you need to run the <code>fc-cache</code> tool to generate
hacker@20 259 configuration files, this ensures that your <em>fonts</em> are available for use in applications:
paul@18 260 </p>
paul@18 261 <pre> $ fc-cache
paul@18 262 </pre>
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