website view en/doc/handbook/system-admin.html @ rev 16
Add install instruction + Slim default user setting
| author | Christophe Lincoln <pankso@slitaz.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon Apr 07 14:10:16 2008 +0200 (2008-04-07) |
| parents | cd23fe9aa506 |
| children | 25eacf7051ed |
line source
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24 <h1><font color="#3E1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
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31 <h2><font color="#df8f06">System administration</font></h2>
33 <ul>
34 <li><a href="#devices">Devices and disks access.</a></li>
35 <li><a href="#users-admin">Users, groups and passwords.</a></li>
36 <li><a href="#locale">Language and keyboard.</a></li>
37 <li><a href="#bash">Install the Bash shell.</a></li>
38 <li><a href="#time">Set the system time.</a></li>
39 </ul>
41 <a name="devices"></a>
42 <h3>Devices and disks access</h3>
43 <p>
44 With Linux your disks and USB media are seen as devices. To access them you must
45 first mount a device on a mount point (directory). On SliTaz you can graphically
46 mount devices using <code>mountbox</code> or use the command line. To mount the
47 first disk of a local hard disk on <code>/mnt/disk</code>:
48 </p>
49 <pre>
50 # mkdir -p /mnt/disk
51 # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/disk
52 </pre>
53 <p>
54 To mount a cdrom or an USB media you should use mount points located in
55 <code>/media</code>. Note that for a cdrom, you just have to specify
56 the device path and for a flash key the mount point already exists:
57 </p>
58 <pre>
59 # mount /dev/cdrom
60 # mount /dev/sda1 /media/flash
61 </pre>
62 <h4>ntfs filesystem</h4>
63 <p>
64 If you need read/write access to Windows ntfs filesystems you must install a
65 few additional packages from the mirror. The <code>ntfs-3g</code> driver
66 provides stable access to ntfs partitions and the <code>ntfsprogs</code> provides
67 manipulation tools dependent on Fuse. Note that you can format, move or resize
68 ntfs partitions graphically with Gparted.
69 </p>
71 <a name="users-admin"></a>
72 <h3>Users, groups and passwords</h3>
73 <p>
74 To manage users and groups on your SliTaz system you must use the command line,
75 but file permissions can be changed graphically using the emelFM2 file manager. To
76 add or remove users and groups you must be root. Root can also change all
77 user passwords and a single user can only change his/her own password. To add
78 or remove a user named linux:
79 </p>
80 <pre>
81 # adduser linux
82 # deluser linux
83 </pre>
84 <p>
85 To add or remove a group you must use <code>addgroup</code> or
86 <code>delgroup</code>. To change the current user password or change the
87 password of a specific user, you must use the command <code>passwd</code>:
88 </p>
89 <pre>
90 $ passwd
91 # passwd username
92 </pre>
93 <h4>Audio group</h4>
94 <p>
95 If you want a new user to be able to listen to music he must be in the
96 <code>audio</code> group. To add an existing user to the audio group:
97 </p>
98 <pre>
99 # adduser -G audio user_name
100 </pre>
102 <a name="locale"></a>
103 <h3>Language and keyboard layout</h3>
104 <p>
105 SliTaz saves the configuration of the default locale in <code>/etc/locale.conf</code>
106 which is read by <code>/etc/profile</code> on each login and the keyboard
107 setting is stored in <code>/etc/kmap.conf</code>. These two files can be
108 edited with your favorite editor or configured respectively with
109 <code>tazlocale</code> and <code>tazkmap</code>. You can modify the settings
110 you chose on the first boot by typing as root administrator:
111 </p>
112 <pre>
113 # tazlocale
114 Or:
115 # tazkmap
116 </pre>
117 <p>
118 To check all available locales or your current configuration you can use the
119 command <code>locale</code> as a single user or root (C for English):
120 </p>
121 <pre>
122 $ locale -a
123 $ locale
124 </pre>
126 <a name="bash"></a>
127 <h3>Bash Shell</h3>
128 <p>
129 On SliTaz you have the ash and sh shell with a link to Ash, this shell is
130 provided by Busybox. If you wish to use the Bash (Bourne Again SHell), first
131 as <code>su</code> install bash, copy the <code>.profile</code> found in your
132 home directory and rename it <code>.bashrc</code>, then edit the
133 <code>/etc/passwd</code> file with your favorite text editor and change your
134 shell to :/bin/bash
135 </p>
136 <pre>
137 # tazpkg get-install bash
138 # cp /home/hacker/.profile home/hacker/.bashrc
139 # Note root user: cp /home/hacker/.profile ~/.bashrc
140 # nano /etc/passwd # :/bin/bash
141 </pre>
142 <p>
143 The next time you login bash will be your default shell, you can confirm this
144 by typing <code>env</code> in the command line.
145 </p>
147 <a name="time"></a>
148 <h3>System Time</h3>
149 <p>
150 To know the current system time, you can simply type <code>date</code>. On
151 SliTaz, the timezone configuration file is saved in <code>/etc/TZ</code>, you
152 can edit with your favorite text editor or simply <code>echo</code> the changes.
153 Here's an example using the timezone Europe/London:
154 </p>
155 <pre>
156 # echo "Europe/London" > /etc/TZ
157 </pre>
158 <h4>Rdate</h4>
159 <p>
160 To syncronize the system clock with a network time server, you can as the
161 <code>root</code> administrator use the <code>rdate -s</code> command:
162 </p>
163 <pre>
164 # rdate -s tick.grayware.com
165 </pre>
166 <p>
167 To display the time on the remote server, use the <code>rdate -p</code> command.
168 </p>
169 <pre> $ rdate -p tick.grayware.com
170 </pre>
171 <h4>Hwclock</h4>
172 <p>
173 Hwclock allows you to syncronize the time of your hardware clock to the system
174 clock or vice versa.
175 </p>
176 <p>
177 Syncronize the system clock to the hardware clock ( --utc = universal time,
178 -l = local time):
179 </p>
180 <pre>
181 # hwclock -w --utc
182 </pre>
183 <p>
184 Syncronize the hardware clock to the system clock:
185 </p>
186 <pre>
187 # hwclock -s --utc
188 </pre>
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