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| author | Christophe Lincoln <pankso@slitaz.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Fri Jan 22 23:02:15 2021 +0100 (2021-01-22) |
| parents | c2f9d5d0f314 |
| children |
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5 <title>SliTaz Scratchbook - X Window System</title>
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8 <meta name="modified" content="2008-11-22 17:00:00">
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24 <h1><font color="#3e1220">SliTaz Scratchbook</font></h1>
25 </div>
27 <!-- Content. -->
28 <div id="content">
29 <div class="content-right"></div>
32 <h2><font color="#df8f06">X window system</font></h2>
33 <p>
34 Installation and basic configuration of the X window system.
35 </p>
36 <ul>
37 <li><a href="#about">About this chapter</a> - Description and environmental
38 variable ($fs)</li>
39 <li><a href="#expat">expat-2.0.0</a> - XML parser library.</li>
40 <li><a href="#freetype">freetype-2.3.1</a> - System font libraries.</li>
41 <li><a href="#fontconfig">fontconfig 2.4.2</a> - Font management tools.</li>
42 <li><a href="#xserver">Xserver</a> - Graphical server Xvesa of Xfree86
43 4.6.0 and Xorg libraries.</li>
44 <li><a href="#xterm">xterm-223</a> - Terminal emulator.</li>
45 <li><a href="#libpng">libpng-1.2.18</a> - Libraries that manipulate PNG images.</li>
46 <li><a href="#jwm">jwm-2.0</a> - Window manager.</li>
47 <li><a href="#jpeg">jpeg-6b</a> - Libraries that manipulate JPEG images.</li>
48 <li><a href="#tiff">tiff-3.8.2</a> - TIFF libraries and utilities.</li>
49 <li><a href="#links">links-2.1pre29</a> - Graphical and text web browser.</li>
50 <li><a href="#initramfs-iso">Generate the initramfs and an ISO image.</a></li>
51 </ul>
53 <h3 id="about">About</h3>
54 <p>
55 This chapter describes the installation and configuration of the X window system on SliTaz. We will
56 install libraries for expat, XML, fonts, a graphical server (Xvesa), a terminal emulator (xterm),
57 various small tools and a window manager (JWM). We'll also install the JPEG libraries and Links web browser.
58 </p>
59 <h4>Environmental variable ($fs)</h4>
60 <p>
61 If you do not specify any path to the rootfs directory, export the environmental variable:
62 </p>
63 <pre> # export fs=$PWD/rootfs
64 </pre>
65 <p>
66 To check:
67 </p>
68 <pre> # echo $fs
69 </pre>
71 <h3 id="expat">expat-2.0.0 - XML parser library</h3>
72 <p>
73 Expat (<a href="http://expat.sourceforge.net/">http://expat.sourceforge.net/</a>)
74 contains the XML parsing libraries:
75 </p>
76 <pre> # cd ..
77 # wget http://switch.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/expat/expat-2.0.0.tar.gz
78 # tar xzf expat-2.0.0.tar.gz
79 # cd expat-2.0.0
80 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
81 --mandir=/usr/share/man
82 # make
83 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
84 # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/*
85 # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
86 </pre>
87 <p>
88 Thereafter, we will install ‘xterm’ which needs libexpat.so.0, simply create a symbolic link and voilà.
89 Then you can install the ‘xmlwf’ application and libraries in the rootfs:
90 </p>
91 <pre> # cd _pkg/usr/lib
92 # ln -s libexpat.so.1.5.0 libexpat.so.0
93 # cp -a *.so* $fs/usr/lib
94 # cd ..
95 # cp -a bin/* $fs/usr/bin
96 # cd ../..
97 </pre>
98 <h4>libs</h4>
99 Libraries used by xmlwf:
100 <pre class="script"> libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x40021000)
101 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x40041000)
102 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
103 </pre>
105 <h3 id="freetype">freetype-2.3.1 - System font libraries</h3>
106 <p>
107 The package freetype (<a href="http://www.freetype.org/">http://www.freetype.org/</a>)
108 contains libraries used by X for configuring the system fonts:
109 </p>
110 <pre> # cd ..
111 # wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2
112 # tar xjf freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2
113 # cd freetype-2.3.1
114 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
115 --mandir=/usr/share/man
116 # make
117 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
118 # strip -vs _pkg/usr/lib/*
119 # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
120 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
121 </pre>
123 <h3 id="fontconfig">fontconfig-2.4.2 - Manage system fonts</h3>
124 <p>
125 The fontconfig package (<a href="http://www.fontconfig.org/wiki/">www.fontconfig.org/wiki/</a>)
126 provides the libfontconfig library used by many programs under X. Note XFree86 also provides these
127 utilities. We chose the original package because it works better with JWM:
128 </p>
129 <pre> # cd ..
130 # wget http://fontconfig.org/release/fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
131 # tar xzf fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
132 # cd fontconfig-2.4.2
133 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
134 --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var
135 # make
136 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
137 # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
138 # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/*
139 # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
140 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
141 # cp -a _pkg/etc $fs
142 # cp -a _pkg/var $fs
143 </pre>
144 <h4>libs</h4>
145 <p>
146 A ‘ldd’ on fc-cache gives the libraries below. You can also use libfreetype of XFree86:
147 </p>
148 <pre class="script"> libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7f12000)
149 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7eff000)
150 libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7edf000)
151 libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7eb0000)
152 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7b000)
153 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f8c000)
154 </pre>
156 <h3 id="xserver">Xserver - Graphical Xvesa server of Xfree86</h3>
157 <p>
158 We will use the binary versions of Xvesa server (<a href="http://www.xfree86.org/">www.xfree86.org/</a>)
159 and fonts distributed by Xfree86.org. We could also copy Xorg libraries from the host system that would
160 be used for compiling X applications. Xvesa works well like this and simplifies things. You can also rebuild
161 <a href="xorg.html">Xorg packages</a> on your development system.
162 </p>
163 <h4>Xtinyx server - Xvesa</h4>
164 <p>
165 The Xvesa server is very light and uses tiny libraries; it is contained in the Xtinyx.tgz archive.
166 Download and install in /usr/bin of SliTaz rootfs:
167 </p>
168 <pre> # cd ..
169 # mkdir -p XFree86-4.6.0 && cd XFree86-4.6.0
170 # wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xtinyx.tgz
171 # tar xzf Xtinyx.tgz
172 # cp bin/Xvesa $fs/usr/bin
173 # strip $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa
174 # chmod 4711 $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa
175 </pre>
176 <h4>libs for Xvesa</h4>
177 <pre class="script"> libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ed6000)
178 libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7eb1000)
179 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7e000)
180 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7ef8000)
181 </pre>
182 <h4>rgb.txt - RGB colors in X</h4>
183 <p>
184 The colors configuration file used by the X server is called: <code>rgb.txt</code>; we suggest
185 that you copy it to the host system. The library libX11.so will seek the configuration files in
186 /usr/share/X11, and the Xvesa server in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11; we create a link in /usr/share/X11 to enable this:
187 </p>
188 <pre> # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11
189 # cp /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt $fs/usr/share/X11
190 # chroot $fs /bin/ash
191 /# mkdir -p /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/
192 /# ln -s /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.txt
193 /# exit
194 </pre>
195 <h4>Xfnts - Fonts</h4>
196 <p>
197 To operate the server, we need the basic fonts; you can download them from Xfree86.org and then compile
198 packages from Xorg, or copy them from your host system. The system fonts can be put into different folders
199 and the cache updated with <code>lc-cache</code>. Attention, fonts take pride of place and you can only install
200 the minimum. /usr/share/fonts contains the TrueType fonts such as bitstream-vera:
201 </p>
202 <pre> # wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xfnts.tgz
203 # tar xzf Xfnts.tgz
204 # mkdir -p $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
205 # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype
207 Copy the fonts...
208 (# cp -a lib/X11/fonts/* $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts)
209 (# cp -a /usr/share/fonts/truetype/* $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype
210 </pre>
211 <p>
212 Then regenerate the fonts.dir file, you must run mkfontdir on the directory in question:
213 </p>
214 <pre> # mkfontdir $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi
215 </pre>
216 <p>
217 Fontconfig configuration files can be found in /etc/fonts provided by the fontconfig package.
218 Now you can run ‘fc-cache’ to update the cache, and ‘fc-list’ for a list of fonts. You do this
219 by chrooting into the rootfs:
220 </p>
221 <pre> # chroot $fs /bin/ash
222 # fc-cache -v
223 # fc-list
224 # exit
225 </pre>
226 <h4>Xlib locale - Localization files</h4>
227 <p>
228 On SliTaz, we installed 4 locales: C, iso8859-1, iso8859-15 and iso 8859-2 from the
229 <a href="xorg.html">compilation of Xorg</a>.
230 You can copy these files from the host system or use the files distributed by XFree86.
231 Sample copy of all the locales from the host system:
232 </p>
233 <pre> # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11/locale
234 # cp -a /usr/share/X11/locale/* $fs/usr/share/X11/locale
235 </pre>
236 <h4>Using X</h4>
237 <p>
238 Note that you can already use Xvesa as a X terminal if you have a machine on the network accepting XDMCP connections.
239 For this, you can start the server with the <code>-query</code> option. For example:
240 </p>
241 <pre> # Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 -query 192.168.0.2
242 </pre>
244 <h3 id="xterm">xterm - Terminal Emulator</h3>
245 <p>
246 The xterm package (<a href="http://invisible-island.net/xterm/">invisible-island.net/xterm/</a>)
247 provides a terminal emulator for X:
248 </p>
249 <pre> # wget ftp://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm-223.tgz
250 # tar xzf xterm-223.tgz
251 # cd xterm-223
252 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc \
253 --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var \
254 --with-app-defaults=/usr/share/X11/app-defaults \
255 --build=i486-pc-linux-gnu --host=i486-pc-linux-gnu
256 # make
257 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
258 # strip _pkg/usr/bin/*
259 # cp _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
260 # cp -a _pkg/usr/share/X11/* $fs/usr/share/X11
261 </pre>
262 <h4>libs</h4>
263 <p>
264 A ldd on XTerm, we copy (and strip) the missing libraries from the host system:
265 </p>
266 <pre class="script"> libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7f09000)
267 libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7f00000)
268 libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7ed5000)
269 libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7e68000)
270 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7e54000)
271 libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7d68000)
272 libXaw.so.7 => /usr/lib/libXaw.so.7 (0xb7d0f000)
273 libXmu.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXmu.so.6 (0xb7cfa000)
274 libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7cec000)
275 libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXt.so.6 (0xb7c9e000)
276 libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/libSM.so.6 (0xb7c96000)
277 libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/libICE.so.6 (0xb7c7f000)
278 libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0xb7c3c000)
279 libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7b2c000)
280 libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7b0b000)
281 libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7b08000)
282 libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7b03000)
283 libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7aff000)
284 libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7aee000)
285 </pre>
287 <h3 id="libpng">libpng-1.2.18 - PNG Libraries</h3>
288 <p>
289 PNG libraries (<a href="http://libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html">http://libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html</a>)
290 are used to manipulate and format PNG images:
291 </p>
292 <pre> # wget http://puzzle.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/libpng/libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2
293 # tar xjf libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2
294 # cd libpng-1.2.18
295 # ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \
296 --mandir=/usr/share/man
297 # make
298 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
299 # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so*
300 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/libpng12.so* $fs/usr/lib
301 # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/libpng12* $fs/usr/bin
302 </pre>
304 <h3 id="jwm">jwm-2.0 - Window manager</h3>
305 <p>
306 Joe's Window Manager (<a href="http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/">http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/</a>)
307 is an ultra light and friendly window manager. This is the default SliTaz window manager. The main configuration
308 file: /etc/jwm/system.jwnrc includes the style and config menu:
309 </p>
310 <pre> # cd ..
311 # wget http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/releases/jwm-2.0.tar.bz2
312 # tar xjf jwm-2.0.tar.bz2
313 # cd jwm-2.0
314 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man \
315 --sysconfdir=/etc/jwm --disable-xinerama
316 # make
317 # strip src/jwm
318 # cp src/jwm $fs/usr/bin
319 # mkdir $fs/etc/jwm
320 # cp example.jwmrc $fs/etc/jwm/system.jwmrc
321 </pre>
322 <h4>libs</h4>
323 <p>
324 Ldd libraries that we have provided:
325 </p>
326 <pre class="script"> libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7e35000)
327 libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7e12000)
328 libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7e00000)
329 libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7df7000)
330 libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7dcc000)
331 libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7d5f000)
332 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7d4a000)
333 libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7d3a000)
334 libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7d2c000)
335 libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7c1c000)
336 libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c19000)
337 libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c14000)
338 libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7c0f000)
339 libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0xb7bea000)
340 libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7bc9000)
341 </pre>
342 <p>
343 You can start the X server and JWM with the command below or create a script in
344 /usr/bin/startx with the content:
345 </p>
346 <pre>Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 & exec jwm
347 </pre>
348 <h4>On SliTaz</h4>
349 <p>
350 SliTaz uses the ~/.Xsession file to start a graphical session. The ‘startx’ command checks
351 whether the file exists or it runs ‘tazx’ to configure the X system. The user guide on X
352 window is located in: /usr/share/doc/slitaz/user-guide/x-window.html or is on the website:
353 </p>
354 <p>
355 We chose to use the Tango icons theme <a href="http://tango.freedesktop.org/">http://tango.freedesktop.org/</a>,
356 that isn't compiled. We only use the minimum: images in 16 x 16 format that we put in /usr/share/icons.
357 </p>
358 <p>
359 To test JWM with a cooking ISO:
360 </p>
361 <pre> # Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 800x600x24 & exec jwm
362 </pre>
364 <h3 id="jpeg">jpeg-6b - JPEG Libraries</h3>
365 <p>
366 Libraries handling JPEG images, and some small utilities:
367 </p>
368 <pre> # wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
369 # tar xzf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
370 # cd jpeg-6b
371 # ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \
372 --mandir=/usr/share/man
373 # make
374 # strip .libs/*
375 # cp -a .libs/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
376 # cp .libs/{cjpeg,djpeg,jpegtran} $fs/usr/bin
377 </pre>
379 <h3 id="tiff">tiff-3.8.2 - TIFF Libraries and Utilities</h3>
380 <p>
381 Libraries handling TIFF images and some small optional utilities:
382 </p>
383 <pre> # wget ftp://ftp.remotesensing.org/pub/libtiff/tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz
384 # tar xzf tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz
385 # cd tiff-3.8.2
386 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man
387 # make
388 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
389 # strip _pkg/usr/bin/*
390 # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so*
391 # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
392 </pre>
393 <p>
394 You can install the utilities you want.
395 </p>
397 <h3 id="links">links-2.1pre29 - Graphical and text mode web browser</h3>
398 <p>
399 Links (<a href="http://links.twibright.com/">links.twibright.com</a>) is a web browser offering
400 graphical and text modes. It is translated into multiple languages, including French:
401 </p>
402 <pre> # cd ..
403 # wget http://links.twibright.com/download/links-2.1pre28.tar.gz
404 # tar xzf links-2.1pre28.tar.gz
405 # cd links-2.1pre28
406 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --mandir=/usr/share/man \
407 --without-directfb --without-ssl --enable-graphics --enable-javascript
408 # make
409 # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
410 # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
411 # cp -v _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
412 </pre>
413 <h4>libs</h4>
414 <pre class="script"> libtiff.so.3 => /usr/lib/libtiff.so.3
415 libjpeg.so.62 => /usr/lib/libjpeg.so.62 (0xb7ede000)
416 libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7eba000)
417 libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ea7000)
418 libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7dbb000)
419 libdl.so.2 => /lib/tls/libdl.so.2 (0xb7db7000)
420 libpcre.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpcre.so.0 (0xb7d96000)
421 libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7d70000)
422 libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7c3e000)
423 libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c3b000)
424 libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c36000)
425 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f5d000)
426 </pre>
428 <h3 id="initramfs-iso">Generate the initramfs and an ISO image</h3>
429 <p>
430 To create a new ISO image, you can use ‘mktaziso’ in
431 <a href="http://doc.slitaz.org/en:cookbook:slitaztools">SliTaz tools</a>.
432 Or you can create a new initramfs image, copy it to /boot in the root of the CD-ROM
433 (rootcd) and finally generate an ISO image with genisoimage:
434 </p>
435 <pre> # cd $fs
436 # find . -print | cpio -o -H newc | gzip -9 > ../rootfs.gz
437 # cd ..
438 # cp rootfs.gz rootcd/boot
439 # genisoimage -R -o slitaz-cooking.iso -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin \
440 -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
441 -V "SliTaz" -boot-info-table rootcd
442 </pre>
443 <h4>Following chapter</h4>
444 <p>
445 The next chapter <a href="gtk-libs.html">GTK+ libs</a>
446 describes the installation of GTK libraries.
447 </p>
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