website rev 95
en: Add Commands to Hbk
| author | Paul Issott <paul@slitaz.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Fri Jul 04 23:46:09 2008 +0000 (2008-07-04) |
| parents | a5e20c75073a |
| children | 6972ce31c48b |
| files | en/doc/handbook/cmdline.html en/doc/handbook/index.html en/doc/handbook/livecd.html |
line diff
1.1 --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 1.2 +++ b/en/doc/handbook/cmdline.html Fri Jul 04 23:46:09 2008 +0000 1.3 @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ 1.4 +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 1.5 + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 1.6 +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> 1.7 +<head> 1.8 + <title>SliTaz Handbook (en) - Commands</title> 1.9 + <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> 1.10 + <meta name="description" content="slitaz English handbook" /> 1.11 + <meta name="expires" content="never" /> 1.12 + <meta name="modified" content="2008-02-26 18:30:00" /> 1.13 + <meta name="publisher" content="www.slitaz.org" /> 1.14 + <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln"/> 1.15 + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" /> 1.16 + <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="book.css" /> 1.17 +</head> 1.18 +<body bgcolor="#ffffff"> 1.19 + 1.20 +<!-- Header and quick navigation --> 1.21 +<div id="header"> 1.22 +<div align="right" id="quicknav"> 1.23 + <a name="top"></a> 1.24 + <a href="install.html">Installation</a> | 1.25 + <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a> 1.26 +</div> 1.27 +<h1><font color="#3E1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1> 1.28 +</div> 1.29 + 1.30 +<!-- Content. --> 1.31 +<div id="content"> 1.32 +<div class="content-right"></div> 1.33 + 1.34 +<h2><font color="#DF8F06">Command Line Reference (<em>cmdline</em>)</font></h2> 1.35 + 1.36 +<ul> 1.37 + <li><a href="#intro">Introduction to the commands.</a></li> 1.38 + <li><a href="#help">Help and list available commands.</a></li> 1.39 + <li><a href="#ls">List the files in a directory.</a></li> 1.40 + <li><a href="#cd">Moving around directories.</a></li> 1.41 + <li><a href="#cp">Copy files.</a></li> 1.42 + <li><a href="#mkdir">Create a new directory.</a></li> 1.43 + <li><a href="#rm">Remove files or directories.</a></li> 1.44 + <li><a href="#read">View the files.</a></li> 1.45 + <li><a href="#edit">Edit files in ncurses mode.</a></li> 1.46 + <li><a href="#cat">Cat</a> - Edit a line of commands.</li> 1.47 + <li><a href="#web-nav">Navigate the web.</a></li> 1.48 + <li><a href="#irc-chat">Chat on IRC channels.</a></li> 1.49 + <li><a href="#wget">Download files.</a></li> 1.50 + <li><a href="#partitions">List the available partitions.</a></li> 1.51 + <li><a href="#mount">Mount a partition, cdrom or USB key.</a></li> 1.52 + <li><a href="#halt">Halt the system or Reboot.</a></li> 1.53 +</ul> 1.54 + 1.55 +<a name="intro"></a> 1.56 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Introduction to the commands</font></h3> 1.57 +<p> 1.58 +This document is intended as a quick reference for using commands on SliTaz via 1.59 +a Linux terminal or a graphical terminal (xterm). There are many GNU/Linux commands 1.60 +for file handling, system maintenance or network management. You can also browse 1.61 +the web, chat on IRC, download files, edit scripts or even play games in text mode. 1.62 +Note it is necessary to operate in <em>root</em> to assemble the hard drive or cdrom. 1.63 +You can use the command <code>su</code> to become system administrator. 1.64 +</p> 1.65 +<a name="help"></a> 1.66 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Help and list available commands</font></h3> 1.67 +<p> 1.68 +Most GNU/Linux system commands have an option for assisting information on 1.69 +their use. For support on the use of a command it is necessary to type the 1.70 +command followed by the <code>--help</code> option. Example using the 1.71 +<code>cp</code> command to copy files: 1.72 +</p> 1.73 +<pre> 1.74 + $ cp --help 1.75 +</pre> 1.76 +<p> 1.77 +To list all the commands available on the system, you can simply press the 1.78 +Tab button to the left of the keyboard twice. For commands provided by the 1.79 +Busybox utility you can type <code>busybox --help</code>. 1.80 +</p> 1.81 + 1.82 +<a name="ls"></a> 1.83 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">List the files in a directory</font></h3> 1.84 +<p> 1.85 +To list the files and folders contained in a directory, you can use the 1.86 +<code>ls</code> command. For all options remember to use the <code>--help</code> 1.87 +flag. To simply list the files in the current directory: 1.88 +</p> 1.89 +<pre> 1.90 + $ ls 1.91 +</pre> 1.92 +<p> 1.93 +List all the files using the <code>-al</code> option: 1.94 +</p> 1.95 +<pre> 1.96 + $ ls -al 1.97 +</pre> 1.98 +<p> 1.99 +List a directory: 1.100 +</p> 1.101 +<pre> 1.102 + $ ls /home/slitaz 1.103 +</pre> 1.104 + 1.105 +<a name="cd"></a> 1.106 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Moving around directories</font></h3> 1.107 +<p> 1.108 +To browse to the files you can use the <code>cd</code> command: 1.109 +</p> 1.110 +<pre> 1.111 + $ cd /usr/share/doc 1.112 + Back to the parent directory: 1.113 + $ cd .. 1.114 +</pre> 1.115 +<p> 1.116 +To go into the directory of the user (root = /root): 1.117 +</p> 1.118 +<pre> 1.119 + $ cd 1.120 + Or : 1.121 + $ cd ~ 1.122 + Or : 1.123 + $ cd $HOME 1.124 +</pre> 1.125 + 1.126 +<a name="cp"></a> 1.127 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Copy files</font></h3> 1.128 +<p> 1.129 +The <code>cp</code> command copies files or folders. The example copies the 1.130 +info.txt file in the current directory into the Documents directory: 1.131 +</p> 1.132 +<pre> 1.133 + $ cp info.txt Documents/ 1.134 +</pre> 1.135 +<p> 1.136 +Copy a whole directory. Here the command copies the Templates directory 1.137 +into /home/hacker: 1.138 +</p> 1.139 +<pre> 1.140 + $ cp -a Templates /home/hacker 1.141 +</pre> 1.142 + 1.143 +<a name="mkdir"></a> 1.144 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Create a new directory</font></h3> 1.145 +<p> 1.146 +This command will create a new directory. The following command creates a 1.147 +directory called Projects. It will be created in the directory /home of the 1.148 +current user or in the directory which one is in. Note you can display 1.149 +your current working directory with the <code>pwd</code> command: 1.150 +</p> 1.151 +<pre> 1.152 + $ mkdir Projects 1.153 +</pre> 1.154 +<p> 1.155 +Creation of a directory named script-1.0 in the Projects folder: 1.156 +</p> 1.157 +<pre> 1.158 + $ mkdir Projects/script-1.0 1.159 +</pre> 1.160 +<p> 1.161 +You can also create a directory tree with the <code>-p</code> parents option: 1.162 +</p> 1.163 +<pre> 1.164 + $ mkdir -p one/two/three/four 1.165 +</pre> 1.166 + 1.167 +<a name="rm"></a> 1.168 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Delete files or directories</font></h3> 1.169 +<p> 1.170 +The command <code>rm</code> lets you delete a file. Let's remove the 1.171 +file work.txt which is in the current directory: 1.172 +</p> 1.173 +<pre> 1.174 + $ rm work.txt 1.175 +</pre> 1.176 +<p> 1.177 +The command <code>rm</code> has several options. To delete a directory and 1.178 +it's contents, we use the <code>-rf</code> option. 1.179 +Example: 1.180 +</p> 1.181 +<pre> 1.182 + $ rm -rf /home/hacker/Templates 1.183 +</pre> 1.184 +<p> 1.185 +Note you can also use the <code>-i</code> option to remove files interactively. 1.186 +</p> 1.187 + 1.188 +<a name="read"></a> 1.189 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">View files</font></h3> 1.190 +<p> 1.191 +To read the contents of a file or script, you can use the 1.192 +<code>less</code>, <code>more</code> or <code>cat</code> commands, or the web 1.193 +browser Retawq. Examples with a README file, essential.txt, and 1.194 +script.sh: 1.195 +</p> 1.196 +<pre> 1.197 + $ less -EM essential.txt 1.198 + or : 1.199 + $ more README 1.200 + or : 1.201 + $ cat /path/to/script.sh 1.202 +</pre> 1.203 +<p> 1.204 +Display a text or html file with the web browser Retawq: 1.205 +</p> 1.206 +<pre> 1.207 + $ retawq /usr/share/doc/index.html 1.208 +</pre> 1.209 + 1.210 +<a name="edit"></a> 1.211 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Edit files</font></h3> 1.212 +<p> 1.213 +Editing text files, scripts, configuration files etc, can be done easily using 1.214 +the text editor GNU Nano in a console or graphical terminal. 1.215 +Example with a file bookmarks.html (<Ctrl+X> to quit 1.216 +and save): 1.217 +</p> 1.218 +<pre> 1.219 + $ nano Public/bookmarks.html 1.220 +</pre> 1.221 + 1.222 +<a name="cat"></a> 1.223 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Cat</font></h3> 1.224 +<p> 1.225 +You can use the <code>cat</code> command to create various text files. EOF signifies 1.226 +End Of File, this is where the file ends. Example with a file packages.list, this 1.227 +removes the current contents of the file and lets you add some new text: 1.228 +</p> 1.229 +<pre> 1.230 + $ cat > packages.list << "EOF" 1.231 + The text... 1.232 + and more text 1.233 + 1.234 + EOF 1.235 +</pre> 1.236 +<p> 1.237 +To amend to the following text file, put two greater than signs 1.238 +(>>) after <code>cat</code>, example: 1.239 +</p> 1.240 +<pre> 1.241 + $ cat >> packages.list << "EOF" 1.242 + The text... 1.243 + 1.244 + EOF 1.245 +</pre> 1.246 + 1.247 +<a name="web-nav"></a> 1.248 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Navigate the web</font></h3> 1.249 +<p> 1.250 +Surf the web quickly and simply with the 'retawq' text-mode web browser. 1.251 +Note that you can also use the local browser. You can then navigate easily 1.252 +with the arrows on your keyboard - links are colored blue and can be 1.253 +followed by pressing <ENTER>: 1.254 +</p> 1.255 +<pre> 1.256 + $ retawq http://slitaz.org/en 1.257 + or : 1.258 + $ retawq http://localhost/ 1.259 +</pre> 1.260 + 1.261 +<a name="irc-chat"></a> 1.262 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Talk on IRC</font></h3> 1.263 +<p> 1.264 +To discuss and transfer files via the many IRC servers available, SliTaz 1.265 +provides Rhapsody. The IRC client is simple, fast and lightweight, providing 1.266 +a pleasant, easy to handle ncurses configuration menu. To start the application 1.267 +from a terminal connecting to server (irc.freenode.net) and joining #slitaz: 1.268 +</p> 1.269 +<pre> 1.270 + $ rhapsody 1.271 + /connect irc.freenode.net 1.272 + /join #slitaz 1.273 +</pre> 1.274 +<a name="wget"></a> 1.275 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Download files</font></h3> 1.276 +<p> 1.277 +To download various file formats on the internet, you have the <code>wget</code> 1.278 +command. To grab a simple html page, the contents of a folder or an entire 1.279 +website: 1.280 +</p> 1.281 +<pre> 1.282 + $ wget http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/ 1.283 +</pre> 1.284 + 1.285 +<a name="partitions"></a> 1.286 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">List the available partitions</font></h3> 1.287 +<p> 1.288 +To list the partitions on an internal or external hard drive, you can use 1.289 +<code>cat</code> to display the contents of <code>/proc/partitions</code> 1.290 +or use the <code>fdisk</code> utility with the <code>-l</code> option 1.291 +meaning <em>list</em>. You can then mount the individual partition(s) 1.292 +that you want to use: 1.293 +</p> 1.294 +<pre> 1.295 + $ cat /proc/partitions 1.296 + or : 1.297 + # fdisk -l 1.298 +</pre> 1.299 + 1.300 +<a name="mount"></a> 1.301 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Mount a partition, CD or USB drive</font></h3> 1.302 +<p> 1.303 +To mount a local partition in the SliTaz filesystem, we advise you to use 1.304 +the /mnt directory. Example creating the necessary directory and mounting 1.305 +the <code>hda6</code> partition of the first local hard drive on /mnt/hda6: 1.306 +</p> 1.307 +<pre> 1.308 + # mkdir -p /mnt/hda6 1.309 + # mount -t ext3 /dev/hda6 /mnt/hda6 1.310 +</pre> 1.311 +<p> 1.312 +SliTaz functions in RAM, you can mount the same cdrom or remove it 1.313 +to mount another (/dev/cdrom is a link on the first cdrom drive). 1.314 +Note that a cdrom is a removable medium, it should be 1.315 +mounted on /media: 1.316 +</p> 1.317 +<pre> 1.318 + # mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom 1.319 +</pre> 1.320 +<p> 1.321 +To mount a USB or flash drive you must specify the proper filesystem. 1.322 +Normally a USB key is formatted in FAT32 which can be read from GNU/Linux 1.323 +and Windows operating systems. On a GNU/Linux system is it generally 1.324 +recognized as the sda1 device - we now prepare a link <code>sda1</code> on 1.325 +<code>flash</code> to facilitate the task. Note it is also a removable medium 1.326 +and should be mounted on /media: 1.327 +</p> 1.328 +<pre> 1.329 + # mount -t vfat /dev/flash /media/flash 1.330 +</pre> 1.331 + 1.332 +<a name="halt"></a> 1.333 +<h3><font color="#6c0023">Turn off the system or restart</font></h3> 1.334 +<p> 1.335 +To stop or restart SliTaz, you can use the <code>halt</code>, <code>reboot</code> 1.336 +commands or the <Ctrl+Alt+Delete> key combinations, which enable a 1.337 +system reboot. In case of any problems you can use the <code>-f</code> 1.338 +option signifing <em>forced</em>: 1.339 +</p> 1.340 +<pre> 1.341 + # halt 1.342 + To restart : 1.343 + # reboot 1.344 + Or : 1.345 + # reboot -f 1.346 +</pre> 1.347 + 1.348 +<!-- End of content --> 1.349 +</div> 1.350 + 1.351 +<!-- Footer. --> 1.352 +<div id="footer"> 1.353 + <div class="footer-right"></div> 1.354 + <a href="#top">Top of the page</a> | 1.355 + <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a> 1.356 +</div> 1.357 + 1.358 +<div id="copy"> 1.359 + Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/">SliTaz</a> - 1.360 + <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>;<br /> 1.361 + Documentation is under 1.362 + <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a> 1.363 + and code is <a href="http://validator.w3.org/">valid xHTML 1.0</a>. 1.364 +</div> 1.365 + 1.366 +</body> 1.367 +</html> 1.368 +
2.1 --- a/en/doc/handbook/index.html Mon Jun 30 21:10:19 2008 +0000 2.2 +++ b/en/doc/handbook/index.html Fri Jul 04 23:46:09 2008 +0000 2.3 @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ 2.4 <ul> 2.5 <li><a href="livecd.html">LiveCD usage</a> - How to boot and set options 2.6 at the command prompt.</li> 2.7 + <li><a href="cmdline.html">Commands</a> - List of useful commands.</li> 2.8 <li><a href="install.html">Installation</a> - HD install instructions.</li> 2.9 </ul> 2.10
3.1 --- a/en/doc/handbook/livecd.html Mon Jun 30 21:10:19 2008 +0000 3.2 +++ b/en/doc/handbook/livecd.html Fri Jul 04 23:46:09 2008 +0000 3.3 @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ 3.4 <div id="header"> 3.5 <div align="right" id="quicknav"> 3.6 <a name="top"></a> 3.7 - <a href="install.html">Installation</a> | 3.8 + <a href="cmdline.html">Commands</a> | 3.9 <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a> 3.10 </div> 3.11 <h1><font color="#3E1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>