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1 SliTaz Linux Kernel Readme
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2 ==========================
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3
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4 1. Updating the Kernel version
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5 ------------------------------
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6
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7 There's a tiny tool called `up-linux.sh`: just update $VERSION in the main
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8 "linux" receipt and then run this script. Versions in the all the related
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9 packages will be updated. We can do it easy because we have defined variables
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10 in the "linux" package receipt:
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11
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12 * SPLIT: list of packages that use files compiled with the "linux" package;
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13 * SIBLINGS: list of packages that builds using the same sources, but with
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14 the different purpose (to build man pages, API headers, config tool, etc).
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15
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16
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17 2. Updating the Kernel config
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18 -----------------------------
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19
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20 You can use your old `.config` to build newer Kernels: it'll forgive you some
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21 inconsistency in the configuration doing it's best. Note, using old `.config`
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22 you'll lack the new possibilities provided by the new Kernel, while some older
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23 options may no longer be used.
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24
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25 To update the configuration options you may use your old `.config` as the base
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26 (see `stuff/linux-slitaz.config`) with the tool provided in the "slitaz-dev"
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27 package (please, read it's description).
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28
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29 Some useful links provided by Thomas Hinterberger (a.k.a. Kult-ex) where you
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30 can get examples of configs used in the different Linus distributions:
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31
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32 * Opensuse: https://github.com/openSUSE/kernel-source/blob/master/config/i386/default
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33 * Fedora: http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/cgit/rpms/kernel.git/refs/
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34 * Alpine: https://github.com/alpinelinux/aports/blob/master/main/linux-vanilla/config-vanilla.x86
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35 * Manjaro: https://github.com/manjaro/packages-core/blob/master/linux49/config
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36
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37 It is strongly NOT recommended to just edit `.config` as text file (unless you
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38 know all the consequences):
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39
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40 Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT.
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41
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42 You may make mistakes. Geven module can't be builtin (=y) if it depends on the
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43 loadable module (=m). Switching some options on (=y) and off (# ... is not set)
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44 will add or remove a bunch of other options. Switching some option on may
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45 automatically switch some other option on, as described in the Kconfig* files:
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46
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47 * selecting CONFIG_BLOCK will auto-select CONFIG_SBITMAP too
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48 (see $src/block/Kconfig);
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49 * CONFIG_SND_HDA_I915 depends on CONFIG_DRM_I915 and CONFIG_SND_HDA_CORE
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50 (see $src/sound/hda/Kconfig).
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51
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52 It's (near to) impossible to track all that dependencies in mind.
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53
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54 How do you know it's time to reconfigure your Kernel? Check cooking log for the
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55 "(NEW)" items. The greater their number the stronger you need to reconfigure it.
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56
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57
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58 3. Splitting the Kernel modules
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59 -------------------------------
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60
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61 Yet another big task is to split Kernel modules into different "linux-*"
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62 packages. We need to keep the main "linux" package light, splitting rarely used
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63 options into another packages.
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64
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65 We need to keep balance between number of "linux-*" packages and the number of
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66 the modules inside them. Package with the only one module, as well as package
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67 with the thousands of modules are not a good solution. User will not need the
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68 most of the modules in the package thanks to the great variety of sound cards,
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69 network cards and other hardware that performs a similar function, but which
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70 can not be present simultaneously in one configuration of the user equipment.
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71
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72 Since Linux Kernel 4.9 we use special rules to find and split the modules into
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73 the different "linux-*" packages, as well as to find modules that should be
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74 inside the base "linux" package (please, see $stuff/split.rules). Rules format
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75 is simple: one rule on line; each rule composed from two parts separating
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76 spaces:
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77
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78 * ruleset name: we use "acpi" for "linux-acpi" package, "crypto" for
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79 "linux-crypto" package, etc. We use just "linux" for the base "linux"
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80 package. Note, we may use the same rules for the "linux64-*" and
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81 "linux-libre-*" packages as well as for "linux-*" packages.
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82 * rule itself: it's just the job for the `find` command making you free to
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83 add/remove modules more frequently than changing the rules itself. It save
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84 you from listing all the thousands of modules here. Three different examples
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85 of the rules itself showing their simplicity, strength and flexibility:
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86
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87 * `drivers/net/tun.ko.xz`: find and copy given module;
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88 * `net/bluetooth`: find and copy all the modules inside the given directory
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89 as well as from all including sub-directories;
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90 * `net/ipv4/*.ko.xz`: the same as above but only in the given directory,
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91 skipping all including sub-directories.
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92
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93 Processing rules also automatically finds all the module dependencies to copy
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94 all them too. So there's impossible situation with the missing dependencies.
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95
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96 The goal is to copy each module to one or another package. Sometimes you need
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97 to tweak existing rules or add new one. Please, make the rule as easier as you
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98 can. If possible, avoid the particular module names, using directories names
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99 instead. You'll see in the end of the cooking log if there's unpackaged modules.
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100
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101 Also, there's little tool called `check-split.sh`. It produces a big bold table
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102 containing all the modules with the information of packages where they lives now
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103 and description provided with the certain module. You can run this script after
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104 the splitting is over (after the "linux" package is done).
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105
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106 You can open the table on the wide screen in the text editor, or convert it to
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107 html using command `sundown modules.split > modules.split.html` and open it in
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108 the web browser.
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109
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110 Analizing the table will help you split the modules. If the certain module
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111 belongs to two, three or more packages, it tells us that we need to put this
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112 module to the base "linux" package: each "linux-*" package depends on the
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113 "linux" package. But note, the single module may attract the bunch of other
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114 modules as dependencies to the "linux" package, while this behavior may be
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115 undesirable. Note, in some cases you may make the module builtin (=y).
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116
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117 If the number of the packages belongs to two packages (for example to bigger
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118 "linux-media" and to smaller "linux-radio") and we can easily differentiate
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119 them, consider to use $DEPENDS on one of the receipt (the bigger one): package
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120 "linux-media" is depends on "linux-radio" and all that common modules belongs
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121 only to "linux-radio" package.
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122
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123 Packages receipts are mostly generic, while all the splitting job is done by
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124 script `$stuff/tools/copy_modules.sh` using the `$stuff/split.rules`.
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125
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126 Steps to make split perfect:
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127
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128 1. Cook "linux" with all "linux-*" packages being cooking automatically too.
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129 2. Run `check-split.sh` and analize the modules table. Finish if you are
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130 satisfied with the result.
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131 3. Change `split.rules`.
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132 4. Run the command `cook linux --pack` to re-pack the "linux" and "linux-*"
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133 package using new rules.
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134 5. Examine the packing log: http://slitaz/cooker/cooker.cgi?log=linux-pack.log
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135 6. Proceed to step 2.
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