website annotate en/doc/handbook/x-window.html @ rev 135

en: Add e17 page to Hdbk and edit
author Paul Issott <paul@slitaz.org>
date Tue Aug 12 20:36:31 2008 +0000 (2008-08-12)
parents 60f719570806
children 18d0d571f79e
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paul@68 5 <title>SliTaz Handbook (en) - X Window System</title>
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pankso@16 7 <meta name="description" content="slitaz English handbook X server window manager jwm openbox e17 slim login" />
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MikeDSmith25@117 9 <meta name="modified" content="2008-07-18 07:00:00" />
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paul@18 11 <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln, Paul Issot" />
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paul@18 24 <h1><font color="#3e1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
pankso@7 25 </div>
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pankso@7 28 <div id="content">
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pankso@7 30
paul@18 31 <h2><font color="#df8f06">X Window System</font></h2>
pankso@7 32
pankso@7 33 <ul>
paul@28 34 <li><a href="#X11">X Window System.</a></li>
paul@28 35 <li><a href="#slim">Slim</a> - Simple Login Manager.</li>
paul@28 36 <li><a href="#xorg">Xorg</a> - X server.</li>
paul@28 37 <li><a href="#jwm">JWM</a> - Window Manager.</li>
paul@28 38 <li><a href="#enlightenment">Enlightenment (e17).</a> - Desktop
paul@18 39 environment.</li>
pankso@16 40 <li><a href="#openbox">Openbox</a> - Window Manager.</li>
paul@28 41 <li><a href="#fonts">Fonts</a> - System Fonts.</li>
pankso@7 42 </ul>
pankso@7 43
pankso@7 44 <a name="X11"></a>
pankso@7 45 <h3>X11 - X Window System</h3>
pankso@7 46 <p>
pankso@7 47 The X Window System or X11 provides a window manager running on
MikeDSmith25@117 48 top of a X server. SliTaz by default uses the lightweight X server called
pankso@7 49 <code>Xvesa</code> from the Xorg project (<a href="http://www.x.org/">www.x.org</a>).
pankso@7 50 Xvesa can be started with the Slim login manager or directly from a Linux console
pankso@7 51 with the command <code>startx</code>, but for this you must first disable the
pankso@7 52 Login Manager. To reconfigure your X session you can use <code>tazx</code>
pankso@7 53 as root or as the current user if you start X from the command line.
pankso@7 54 </p>
pankso@7 55
pankso@7 56 <a name="slim"></a>
pankso@7 57 <h3>Slim - Simple Login Manager</h3>
pankso@7 58 <p>
pankso@7 59 Slim is a lightweight session manager that is very easy to configure and is
pankso@7 60 customizable using system themes. The configuration file is found in
MikeDSmith25@117 61 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code>. It defines window managers available via the
MikeDSmith25@117 62 <code>F1</code> key, the default user or theme, and the X window system parameters.
MikeDSmith25@117 63 Slim offers special user commands like <code>console</code> to help manage
pankso@7 64 the session.
pankso@7 65 </p>
pankso@7 66 <p>
pankso@7 67 In LiveCD mode you can disable Slim with the boot option <code>screen=text</code>.
pankso@7 68 On an installed system you can remove the package or delete slim from the
pankso@7 69 <code>RUN_DAEMONS</code> variable in <code>/etc/rcS.conf</code>.
pankso@7 70 </p>
pankso@7 71 <p>
pankso@7 72 More details and themes can be found on the
paul@105 73 <a href="http://slim.berlios.de/">website</a>
pankso@7 74 </p>
pankso@16 75 <h4>Default user</h4>
pankso@16 76 <p>
paul@18 77 Slim offers a way to pre-load a user login name, by default hacker is configured
paul@18 78 for convenience. You can change this by editing the Slim configuration file
paul@18 79 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code> and modifying the line <code>default_user</code> or just
paul@18 80 leave the line blank to avoid pre-loading a user name. Example:
pankso@16 81 </p>
paul@18 82 <pre class="script">default_user hacker
pankso@16 83 </pre>
pankso@7 84
paul@28 85 <a name="xorg"></a>
paul@28 86 <h3>Xorg</h3>
paul@28 87 <p>
MikeDSmith25@117 88 By default, SliTaz provides the graphical mini-server Xvesa. Xorg server is available
paul@28 89 in the packages on the mirror. Xorg is a very comprehensive server, but uses a lot more
paul@28 90 resources than Xvesa. If your resolution is supported by the mini-server and you're happy
paul@28 91 with the refresh rate, then there's no reason to use Xorg.
paul@28 92 </p>
paul@28 93 <p>
MikeDSmith25@117 94 There is no GUI configuration which means having to use the command line in console mode. The installation
paul@28 95 and configuration of the server is relatively simple and you can always go back and reuse Xvesa at any time.
paul@28 96 Xorg is distributed in modular form, which means that you'll need to install the server, a few configuration
paul@28 97 files and the right driver for your graphics card. However the <code>xorg-server</code> package has all
paul@28 98 the correct dependancies to work directly with the <code>vesa</code> driver. Minimal install:
paul@28 99 </p>
paul@28 100 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-server
paul@28 101 </pre>
paul@28 102 <p>
paul@28 103 Once installed, you can go directly to the configuration or you can install the correct driver for your card
paul@28 104 (if you know it). Example using the Nvidia driver and listing all available drivers:
paul@28 105 </p>
paul@28 106 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-xf86-video-nv
paul@28 107 List:
paul@28 108 # tazpkg search xorg-xf86-video
paul@28 109 </pre>
paul@28 110 <h4>Automatic configuration of the server</h4>
paul@28 111
paul@28 112 <p>To configure the Xorg server you have two options: <code>Xorg -configure</code>
paul@28 113 or the script <code>xorgconfig</code>. It is recommended that you start by using Xorg with
paul@28 114 the <code>-configure</code> option. The automatic configuration of Xorg must be done in console
paul@28 115 mode without an X-server running; this is achieved by closing all applications and windows and hitting
paul@28 116 the <code>alt-ctrl-del</code> buttons. You should now be in console mode. Now you need to run Xorg with the
paul@28 117 <code>-configure</code> option and copy the newly generated file to <code>/etc/X11</code>:
paul@28 118 </p>
paul@28 119 <pre> # Xorg -configure
paul@28 120 # cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
paul@28 121 </pre>
paul@28 122 <p>
paul@28 123 Finally you then change the configuration of Slim to use Xorg instead of Xvesa and restart the window manager.
paul@28 124 </p>
paul@28 125 <h4>Using Xorg with Slim</h4>
paul@28 126 <p>
paul@28 127 In the Slim configuration file (<code>/etc/slim.conf</code>), we need to comment out
paul@28 128 (<code>#</code>) the lines pertaining to Xvesa and change Xorg to the <code>default_xserver</code>:
paul@28 129 </p>
paul@28 130 <pre class="script">default_xserver /usr/bin/Xorg
paul@28 131 #default_xserver /usr/bin/Xvesa
paul@28 132 #xserver_arguments -ac -shadow dpms +extension Composite -screen 1024x768x24
paul@28 133 </pre>
paul@28 134 <p>
paul@28 135 Now we can start Slim to return us to an X server session.
paul@28 136 Slim works likes a daemon, it can be stopped or started from the console:
paul@28 137 </p>
paul@28 138 <pre> # /etc/init.d/slim start
paul@28 139 </pre>
paul@28 140 <h4>xorg.conf - Configuration file</h4>
paul@28 141 <p>
MikeDSmith25@117 142 Xorg uses the configuration file <code>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code>. This file can be
MikeDSmith25@117 143 automatically generated and edited with your favorite text editor. It is divided into
paul@28 144 several sections, including the specification of paths, modules to be loaded, default screen,
MikeDSmith25@117 145 mouse, keyboard, etc. This document provides only a few examples, it is advisable to run
paul@28 146 <code>xorgconfig</code> once to generate a complete file to use as an example.
paul@28 147
paul@28 148 </p>
paul@28 149 <p>
paul@28 150 Keyboard (en):
paul@28 151 </p>
paul@28 152 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
paul@28 153 Identifier "Keyboard0"
paul@28 154 Driver "kbd"
paul@28 155 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
paul@28 156 Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
paul@28 157 Option "XkbLayout" "en"
paul@28 158 Option "XkbVariant" "en"
paul@28 159 EndSection
paul@28 160 </pre>
paul@28 161 <p>
paul@28 162 Mice with auto detection protocol:
paul@28 163 </p>
paul@28 164 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
paul@28 165 Identifier "Mouse0"
paul@28 166 Driver "mouse"
paul@28 167 Option "Protocol" "auto"
paul@28 168 Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
paul@28 169 Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
paul@28 170 EndSection
paul@28 171 </pre>
paul@28 172 <p>
paul@28 173 Composite extensions:
paul@28 174 </p>
paul@28 175 <pre class="script">Section "Extensions"
paul@28 176 Option "Composite" "1"
paul@28 177 EndSection
paul@28 178 </pre>
paul@28 179
pankso@7 180 <a name="jwm"></a>
pankso@7 181 <h3>JWM - Window manager</h3>
pankso@7 182 <p>
pankso@7 183 JWM (Joe's Window Manger) is a lightweight Window Manager, easy to use, fast,
pankso@7 184 stable and insanely configurable. The menu and theme can all be changed from a
pankso@7 185 single configuration file found in your home directory: <code>~/.jwmrc</code>,
pankso@7 186 the file uses XML syntax and the code is nicely colored if you use Geany to
pankso@7 187 edit it. To add an entry in the menu you can use the following example:
pankso@7 188 </p>
paul@18 189 <pre class="script"> &lt;Program icon="kino.png" label="Kino (Video Editor)"&gt;kino&lt;/Program&gt;
pankso@7 190 </pre>
pankso@7 191 <p>
pankso@7 192 The <a href="http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/config.shtml">JWM Web site</a>
pankso@7 193 has got more information on how to configure the application to your needs
pankso@7 194 and preferences.
pankso@7 195 </p>
pankso@7 196
pankso@7 197 <a name="enlightenment"></a>
pankso@7 198 <h3>Enlightenment (e17)</h3>
pankso@7 199 <p>
paul@135 200 Enlightenment aka e17 is a lightweight and fast desktop environment that can be
paul@135 201 configured graphically. To install e17:
pankso@7 202 </p>
paul@18 203 <pre> # tazpkg get-install enlightenment
pankso@7 204 </pre>
pankso@7 205 <p>
pankso@7 206 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
pankso@7 207 <code>e17</code> to start Enlightenment.
pankso@7 208 </p>
paul@105 209 <p>
paul@106 210 Additional themes can be found on the <a href="http://www1.get-e.org/Themes/E17/">website</a>
paul@105 211 </p>
pankso@7 212
pankso@7 213 <a name="openbox"></a>
pankso@7 214 <h3>Openbox</h3>
pankso@7 215 <p>
paul@124 216 Openbox is a lightweight window manager that can be configured using the obconf
pankso@7 217 utility. To install openbox:
pankso@7 218 </p>
paul@18 219 <pre> # tazpkg get-install openbox
pankso@16 220 # tazpkg get-install obconf
pankso@7 221 </pre>
pankso@7 222 <p>
pankso@7 223 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
pankso@7 224 <code>openbox</code> to start Openbox. To make Openbox your default Window
pankso@7 225 Manager just type: <code>tazx openbox</code>.
pankso@7 226 </p>
pankso@7 227 <p>
pankso@7 228 Note: you can also use the configuration file <code>menu.xml</code> found
pankso@7 229 in <code>/etc/xdg/openbox</code> to edit menu items. Here's an example using
pankso@7 230 Htop:
pankso@7 231 </p>
paul@18 232 <pre class="script">&lt;item label="Htop"&gt;
pankso@7 233 &lt;action name="Execute"&gt;&lt;command&gt;xterm -e htop&lt;/command&gt;&lt;/action&gt;
pankso@7 234 &lt;/item&gt;
pankso@7 235 </pre>
pankso@7 236 <p>
pankso@7 237 More information can be found on the
pankso@7 238 <a href="http://icculus.org/openbox/index.php/Help:Menus">openbox</a> site.
pankso@7 239 </p>
pankso@7 240
paul@18 241 <a name="fonts"></a>
hacker@20 242 <h3>Fonts</h3>
paul@18 243 <p>
paul@18 244 The management of Fonts (<em>fonts</em>) is powered by the package Fontconfig.
paul@18 245 This package provides tools to add, list and manipulate fonts. The <em>fonts</em>
paul@18 246 can be installed in user space or at the system level, this means that each user can use his/her own
paul@18 247 fonts or the adminstrator (<em>root</em>) can install fonts available to all users of the system.
hacker@20 248 If you use USB media associated with SliTaz <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/livecd.html">LiveCD</a>,
paul@18 249 you can easily install fonts and retain them the next time you use the cdrom.
paul@18 250 </p>
paul@18 251 <h4>Installing <em>fonts</em></h4>
paul@18 252 <p>
paul@18 253 At the system level fonts are installed in the directory:
paul@18 254 <code>/usr/share/fonts</code>, core SliTaz provides TTF Vera fonts,
MikeDSmith25@117 255 they take up little space and are rendered correctly. In user space, fonts are found in the hidden
MikeDSmith25@117 256 directory: <code>.fonts</code>. This directory should be at the root of user space.
paul@18 257 To create a home directory to accomodate new fonts, you can use the graphical window manager emelFM2,
paul@18 258 Clex or use the command line:
paul@18 259 </p>
paul@18 260 <pre> $ mkdir ~/.fonts
paul@18 261 </pre>
paul@18 262 <p>
hacker@20 263 Once you have installed the fonts you need to run the <code>fc-cache</code> tool to generate
hacker@20 264 configuration files, this ensures that your <em>fonts</em> are available for use in applications:
paul@18 265 </p>
paul@18 266 <pre> $ fc-cache
paul@18 267 </pre>
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