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3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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4 <head>
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5 <title>SliTaz Handbook (en) - X Window System</title>
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6 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
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7 <meta name="description" content="slitaz English handbook X server window manager jwm openbox e17 slim login" />
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8 <meta name="expires" content="never" />
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9 <meta name="modified" content="2008-07-18 07:00:00" />
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10 <meta name="publisher" content="www.slitaz.org" />
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11 <meta name="author" content="Christophe Lincoln, Paul Issot" />
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12 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
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13 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="book.css" />
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14 </head>
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15 <body bgcolor="#ffffff">
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16
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17 <!-- Header and quick navigation -->
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18 <div id="header">
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19 <div id="quicknav" align="right">
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20 <a name="top"></a>
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21 <a href="gen-livecd.html">Generate a LiveCD flavor</a> |
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22 <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a>
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23 </div>
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24 <h1><font color="#3e1220">SliTaz Handbook (en)</font></h1>
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25 </div>
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26
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27 <!-- Content. -->
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28 <div id="content">
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29 <div class="content-right"></div>
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30
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31 <h2><font color="#df8f06">X Window System</font></h2>
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32
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33 <ul>
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34 <li><a href="#X11">X Window System.</a></li>
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35 <li><a href="#slim">Slim</a> - Simple Login Manager.</li>
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36 <li><a href="#xorg">Xorg</a> - X server.</li>
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37 <li><a href="#jwm">JWM</a> - Window Manager.</li>
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38 <li><a href="#enlightenment">Enlightenment (e17).</a> - Desktop
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39 environment.</li>
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40 <li><a href="#openbox">Openbox</a> - Window Manager.</li>
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41 <li><a href="#terminalX">Use Xvesa as X terminal</a> - Launch a
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42 graphical session from a remote machine.</li>
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43 <li><a href="#fonts">Fonts</a> - System Fonts.</li>
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44 </ul>
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45
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46 <a name="X11"></a>
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47 <h3>X11 - X Window System</h3>
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48 <p>
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49 The X Window System or X11 provides a window manager running on
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50 top of a X server. SliTaz by default uses the lightweight X server called
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51 <code>Xvesa</code> from the Xorg project (<a href="http://www.x.org/">www.x.org</a>).
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52 Xvesa can be started with the Slim login manager or directly from a Linux console
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53 with the command <code>startx</code>, but for this you must first disable the
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54 Login Manager. To reconfigure your X session you can use <code>tazx</code>
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55 as root or as the current user if you start X from the command line.
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56 </p>
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57
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58 <a name="slim"></a>
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59 <h3>Slim - Simple Login Manager</h3>
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60 <p>
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61 Slim is a lightweight session manager that is very easy to configure and is
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62 customizable using system themes. The configuration file is found in
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63 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code>. It defines window managers available via the
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64 <code>F1</code> key, the default user or theme, and the X window system parameters.
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65 Slim offers special user commands like <code>console</code> to help manage
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66 the session.
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67 </p>
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68 <p>
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69 In LiveCD mode you can disable Slim with the boot option <code>screen=text</code>.
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70 On an installed system you can remove the package or delete slim from the
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71 <code>RUN_DAEMONS</code> variable in <code>/etc/rcS.conf</code>.
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72 </p>
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73 <p>
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74 More details and themes can be found on the
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75 <a href="http://slim.berlios.de/">website</a>
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76 </p>
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77 <h4>Default user</h4>
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78 <p>
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79 Slim offers a way to pre-load a user login name, by default hacker is configured
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80 for convenience. You can change this by editing the Slim configuration file
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81 <code>/etc/slim.conf</code> and modifying the line <code>default_user</code> or just
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82 leave the line blank to avoid pre-loading a user name. Example:
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83 </p>
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84 <pre class="script">default_user hacker
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85 </pre>
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86
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87 <a name="xorg"></a>
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88 <h3>Xorg</h3>
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89 <p>
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90 By default, SliTaz provides the graphical mini-server Xvesa. Xorg server is available
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91 in the packages on the mirror. Xorg is a very comprehensive server, but uses a lot more
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92 resources than Xvesa. If your resolution is supported by the mini-server and you're happy
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93 with the refresh rate, then there's no reason to use Xorg.
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94 </p>
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95 <p>
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96 There is no GUI configuration which means having to use the command line in console mode. The installation
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97 and configuration of the server is relatively simple and you can always go back and reuse Xvesa at any time.
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98 Xorg is distributed in modular form, which means that you'll need to install the server, a few configuration
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99 files and the right driver for your graphics card. However the <code>xorg-server</code> package has all
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100 the correct dependancies to work directly with the <code>vesa</code> driver. Minimal install:
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101 </p>
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102 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-server
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103 </pre>
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104 <p>
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105 Once installed, you can go directly to the configuration or you can install the correct driver for your card
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106 (if you know it). Example using the Nvidia driver and listing all available drivers:
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107 </p>
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108 <pre> # tazpkg get-install xorg-xf86-video-nv
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109 List:
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110 # tazpkg search xorg-xf86-video
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111 </pre>
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112 <h4>Automatic configuration of the server</h4>
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113
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114 <p>To configure the Xorg server you have two options: <code>Xorg -configure</code>
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115 or the script <code>xorgconfig</code>. It is recommended that you start by using Xorg with
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116 the <code>-configure</code> option. The automatic configuration of Xorg must be done in console
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117 mode without an X-server running; this is achieved by closing all applications and windows and hitting
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118 the <code>alt-ctrl-del</code> buttons. You should now be in console mode. Now you need to run Xorg with the
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119 <code>-configure</code> option and copy the newly generated file to <code>/etc/X11</code>:
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120 </p>
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121 <pre> # Xorg -configure
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122 # cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
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123 </pre>
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124 <p>
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125 Finally you then change the configuration of Slim to use Xorg instead of Xvesa and restart the window manager.
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126 </p>
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127 <h4>Using Xorg with Slim</h4>
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128 <p>
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129 In the Slim configuration file (<code>/etc/slim.conf</code>), we need to comment out
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130 (<code>#</code>) the lines pertaining to Xvesa and change Xorg to the <code>default_xserver</code>:
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131 </p>
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132 <pre class="script">default_xserver /usr/bin/Xorg
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133 #default_xserver /usr/bin/Xvesa
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134 #xserver_arguments -ac -shadow dpms +extension Composite -screen 1024x768x24
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135 </pre>
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136 <p>
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137 Now we can start Slim to return us to an X server session.
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138 Slim works likes a daemon, it can be stopped or started from the console:
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139 </p>
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140 <pre> # /etc/init.d/slim start
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141 </pre>
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142 <h4>xorg.conf - Configuration file</h4>
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143 <p>
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144 Xorg uses the configuration file <code>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code>. This file can be
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145 automatically generated and edited with your favorite text editor. It is divided into
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146 several sections, including the specification of paths, modules to be loaded, default screen,
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147 mouse, keyboard, etc. This document provides only a few examples, it is advisable to run
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148 <code>xorgconfig</code> once to generate a complete file to use as an example.
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149
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150 </p>
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151 <p>
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152 Keyboard (en):
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153 </p>
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154 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
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155 Identifier "Keyboard0"
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156 Driver "kbd"
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157 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
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158 Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
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159 Option "XkbLayout" "en"
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160 Option "XkbVariant" "en"
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161 EndSection
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162 </pre>
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163 <p>
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164 Mice with auto detection protocol:
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165 </p>
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166 <pre class="script">Section "InputDevice"
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167 Identifier "Mouse0"
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168 Driver "mouse"
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169 Option "Protocol" "auto"
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170 Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
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171 Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
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172 EndSection
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173 </pre>
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174 <p>
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175 Composite extensions:
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176 </p>
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177 <pre class="script">Section "Extensions"
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178 Option "Composite" "1"
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179 EndSection
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180 </pre>
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181
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182 <a name="jwm"></a>
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183 <h3>JWM - Window manager</h3>
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184 <p>
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185 JWM (Joe's Window Manger) is a lightweight Window Manager, easy to use, fast,
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186 stable and insanely configurable. The menu and theme can all be changed from a
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187 single configuration file found in your home directory: <code>~/.jwmrc</code>,
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188 the file uses XML syntax and the code is nicely colored if you use Geany to
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189 edit it. To add an entry in the menu you can use the following example:
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190 </p>
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191 <pre class="script"> <Program icon="kino.png" label="Kino (Video Editor)">kino</Program>
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192 </pre>
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193 <p>
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194 The <a href="http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/config.shtml">JWM Web site</a>
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195 has got more information on how to configure the application to your needs
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196 and preferences.
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197 </p>
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198
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199 <a name="enlightenment"></a>
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200 <h3>Enlightenment (e17)</h3>
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201 <p>
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202 Enlightenment aka e17 is a lightweight and fast desktop environment that can be
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203 configured graphically. To install e17:
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204 </p>
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205 <pre> # tazpkg get-install enlightenment
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206 </pre>
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207 <p>
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208 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
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209 <code>e17</code> to start Enlightenment.
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210 </p>
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211 <p>
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212 Additional themes can be found on the <a href="http://www1.get-e.org/Themes/E17/">website</a>
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213 </p>
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214
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215 <a name="openbox"></a>
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216 <h3>Openbox</h3>
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217 <p>
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218 Openbox is a lightweight window manager that can be configured using the obconf
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219 utility. To install openbox:
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220 </p>
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221 <pre> # tazpkg get-install openbox
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222 # tazpkg get-install obconf
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223 </pre>
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224 <p>
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225 Logout your current X session, type <code>F1</code> at Slim login and choose
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226 <code>openbox</code> to start Openbox. To make Openbox your default Window
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227 Manager just type: <code>tazx openbox</code>.
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228 </p>
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229 <p>
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230 Note: you can also use the configuration file <code>menu.xml</code> found
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231 in <code>/etc/xdg/openbox</code> to edit menu items. Here's an example using
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232 Htop:
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233 </p>
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234 <pre class="script"><item label="Htop">
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235 <action name="Execute"><command>xterm -e htop</command></action>
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236 </item>
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237 </pre>
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238 <p>
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239 More information can be found on the
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240 <a href="http://icculus.org/openbox/index.php/Help:Menus">openbox</a> site.
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241 </p>
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242
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243 <a name="terminalX"></a>
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244 <h3>Use Xvesa as X terminal</h3>
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245 <p>
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246 You can use Xvesa as X terminal, if you have a machine on
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247 the network that accepts Xdmcp connections. To enable this,
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248 you can start the server with the option <code>-query</code> followed by
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249 the machine name or IP address. Example of machine 192.168.0.2
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250 on a local network:
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251 </p>
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252 <pre> $ Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 -query 192.168.0.2
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253 </pre>
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254 <p>
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255 The use of a graphical remote server can be of great use, although
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256 reponse times of applications depend greatly on Internet
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257 speed and the remote machine's power. This technique works
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258 very well within a local area network (LAN) and allows you
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259 to control applications installed on the remote machine directly
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260 from the screen of the local machine on which you work.
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261 Note that the distant remote machine may have
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262 multiple accounts in use simultaneously and/or direct access.
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263 </p>
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264
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265 <a name="fonts"></a>
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266 <h3>Fonts</h3>
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267 <p>
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268 The management of Fonts (<em>fonts</em>) is powered by the package Fontconfig.
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269 This package provides tools to add, list and manipulate fonts. The <em>fonts</em>
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270 can be installed in user space or at the system level, this means that each user can use his/her own
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271 fonts or the adminstrator (<em>root</em>) can install fonts available to all users of the system.
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272 If you use USB media associated with SliTaz <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/livecd.html">LiveCD</a>,
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273 you can easily install fonts and retain them the next time you use the cdrom.
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274 </p>
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275 <h4>Installing <em>fonts</em></h4>
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276 <p>
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277 At the system level fonts are installed in the directory:
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278 <code>/usr/share/fonts</code>, core SliTaz provides TTF Vera fonts,
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279 they take up little space and are rendered correctly. In user space, fonts are found in the hidden
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280 directory: <code>.fonts</code>. This directory should be at the root of user space.
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281 To create a home directory to accomodate new fonts, you can use the graphical window manager emelFM2,
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282 Clex or use the command line:
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283 </p>
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284 <pre> $ mkdir ~/.fonts
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285 </pre>
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286 <p>
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287 Once you have installed the fonts you need to run the <code>fc-cache</code> tool to generate
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288 configuration files, this ensures that your <em>fonts</em> are available for use in applications:
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289 </p>
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290 <pre> $ fc-cache
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291 </pre>
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292
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293 <!-- End of content -->
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294 </div>
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295
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296 <!-- Footer. -->
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297 <div id="footer">
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298 <div class="footer-right"></div>
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299 <a href="#top">Top of the page</a> |
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300 <a href="index.html">Table of contents</a>
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301 </div>
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302
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303 <div id="copy">
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304 Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/">SliTaz</a> -
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305 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>;<br />
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306 Documentation is under
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307 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
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pankso@7
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308 and code is <a href="http://validator.w3.org/">valid xHTML 1.0</a>.
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pankso@7
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309 </div>
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pankso@7
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310
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paul@68
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311 </body>
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paul@68
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312 </html>
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pankso@7
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313
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